Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zeffirelli’s film Essay

Having watched two different film adaptations of ‘Romeo and Juliet’, it is clear to see that the two directors have used a number of different techniques, quite differently at times, to put across their particular interpretations of the play. These methods and different interpretations are very obvious if one studies the same scene as portrayed in each film. We looked at Franco Zeffirelli’s 1970’s version of the play and Baz Luhrmann’s recent adaptation produced in 1996 and focused on their interpretation of the scene where Romeo and Juliet meet for the first time. The first thing I noticed is that costume is very important in Zeffirelli’s scene. Juliet, played by Olivia Hussey, is wearing a traditional styled red and gold dress, which highlights wealth. It is not as detailed as most at the party which points to the fact that it is not just material wealth she has but also the huge amount of natural beauty she has. The bright red contrasts with her pale complexion and jet-black hair to make her look very striking. Romeo’s outfit is also very noticeable as he is wearing a mask. It adds to the air of mystery around him as Juliet meets him for the first time. It also helps to make a point about the nature of their attraction: when she first sees him, Juliet sees only Romeo’s eyes, yet is still drawn to him. Therefore, here there is something more than physical attraction. Instead, it seems to be a communion of souls since eyes are often considered to be the windows to this part of ourselves. The choreography of the scene also reveals something about Romeo’s feelings towards Juliet. His attention is fixed upon a lady – which we assume to be Rosaline – who is dancing and then twirls out of shot to reveal Juliet to R0meo. It is here that he proclaims he has never seen true beauty until now. It is showing to us that although Romeo thought he was in love with Rosaline, it is nothing compared to his feelings for Juliet. When the chance arises for Romeo to join Juliet in a dance, he dismisses other ladies for the opportunity to dance with Juliet. As the dancing gets faster, long shots are used to show the amount of people present at the party. The dancing changes and people begin to spin around in a circle; the camera shots change, letting people flow past the camera at a very high speed. It looks like flashes of colour flying through the shot; no faces can be seen  clearly. The fast dancing reflects the sheer excitement that they are feeling, that they are so in love that it is truly exhilarating. It is here that Franco Zeffirelli shows how love at first sight really can be true as amongst the chaos and frivolity of colour, the camera jump – cuts to Romeo to the party of moving colour and to Juliet. He has done this to show how amongst the chaos of their feuding families, they have their own world where no one else matters except each other. When the bard starts to sing, Romeo and Juliet speak for the first time. As they do, the words being sung in the background have a large resemblance to their lives. It tells of their willingness to be together but their struggle to make it possible as they are torn apart by their feuding families. As the choreography reflects the emotions of the characters, the score that plays in the Zeffirelli film reflects their emotions again as when Romeo sees Juliet, he sees her beauty and the score changes to a softer, more gentle tune. Franco Zeffirelli contrasts Romeo and Juliet when they are together with the music. It changes from loud, frantic music to gentle, heavenly tunes, the score changes to a minor key as she is not sure about him and then surges as they kiss. In the play, Shakespeare also juxtaposes scenes that are chaotic with very calm peaceful ones. As I have said, the score changes as Juliet and Romeo are together and in the play, Shakespeare shows their love by constantly comparing scenes with them in to scenes with fighting, frantic happenings and chaos. In Baz Luhrmann’s film adaptation of Romeo and Juliet, the scene I have studied begins with Romeo – played by Leonardo Di Caprio – with his face submerged in water, washing his face, which clears his mind of drugs and he sees Juliet in a clearer light. The lovers’ first meeting is a sequence where each is on either side of a lavish fish tank. The lighting used is a pale blue, making it seem slightly surreal, almost dream like. As Romeo and Juliet playfully look at each other through the tank, camera shots cleverly portray their meeting to look like they are together inside the tank. In this scene, camera distances vary from medium close-shots to close-ups and  back again, their eyes are depicted throughout, as the camera shots change, it portrays them watching each other, discovering each other every feature, every move. The idea of social and physical barriers is presented by having the fish tank between the two of them, keeping them apart – thus visualizing to the audience the other aspect of Romeo and Juliet’s love. The fish tank serves as a physical barrier between the two lovers, even though there are also a lot of emotional barriers. Even though Romeo is dazed from the ecstasy pill and his infatuation with Rosaline, it is the water that purifies and cleanses his mind – and it the free, flowing nature of water that Luhrmann uses as a representation of love. When the two lovers kiss in the lift, the cameras encircle them, thus suggesting that Romeo and Juliet are at the centre of their own universe, in total disregard or lack of awareness of the social chaos – as suggested by the blurred images around them. The way in which the imagery of water is used to symbolise their own world, camera shots, lighting and music also add to the depth of their love. The beautiful melody of â€Å"Kissing You† marks the initial meeting of Romeo and Juliet, and Des’ree’s deep, soulful voice glides gently through the house as the strangers playfully observe each other through the fish tank. The score is a brave and eclectic mix of atmospheric music from Radiohead’s ‘Talk Show Host’ to Wagner’s ‘Liebstod’. The emphasis is on music that is emotive and suitable for a particular scene rather than creating a soundtrack rooted in one genre as in the Zeffirelli adaptation. The Capulet Ball is one of the most outstanding sequences in the movie. The decorations are spectacular, and the costumes are magnificent. However, the party is not all just glitz and glamour. Upon closer investigation, we can see that it is also a perfect opportunity for Luhrmann to accentuate the individual motivations of the characters with clever use of costumes. Romeo is the knight in shining armour who has been sent to rescue Juliet, and Juliet is a bright angel, innocent and pure, who has been sent to relieve Romeo’s confusion and despair. Luhrmann supplements this image by showing Romeo and Juliet as innocent, beautiful and youthful. This is achieved by the continuous focus of the cameras on the freshness of their skin, their  sparkling eyes, flushed cheeks and pink lips in addition to the words of Shakespeare. In conclusion, these two films, although based upon the same play, come across very differently. The fact that Franco Zeffirelli has set his in the time Shakespeare intended it to and Baz Luhrmann has set his in 20th century Verona beach, Florida has a considerable amount to do with these differences. It is interesting to see that both directors have used the concept of the young couple existing in their ‘own world’, although both of them use different techniques to present this, their outcome is visualised to the viewer the same. Baz Luhrmann has had certain advantages to his film as he had technology to help him portray the initial meaning in a more ‘dream like’ manner with the help of special lighting and specific camera shots. Also, this adaptation was a major Hollywood blockbuster with millions of dollars to be spent on it. Whereas, 40 years ago, I imagine that Franco Zeffirelli would have had to deal with a budget and obviously, did not have the techno logy to portray special effects and sounds.

Ha Noi Opera House, Long Biên Bridge and Temple of Literature

Ha Noi Opera HouseHanoi Opera House is a theater in central Hanoi, Vietnam, and is considered one of the architectural landmarks of Hanoi. It was built by the French government. Hanoi Opera House occupies an area of 2600 square meters.Behind the stage is the administration office, chamber of 18 pages, 2 studio theater, a library and a conference room. Through the vicissitudes of history, the Hanoi Opera House is also home to witness the first day of peace of the capital. Present, has been refurbished quite a lot but this place still retains the characteristics of the cross-cultural Vietnamese – French †¦The Hanoi Opera House is an architectural work is incomparable with the price outstanding value of history, culture, architecture and art. Can see the Opera House as an integral part of urban and architectural capital, contributing to the establishment of our country faces today in the cultural field. For over 100 years old and works in Hanoi Opera House exists as a symbol of architectural space, cultural and political capital 1,000 years old.Long Bià ªn BridgeLong Bien Bridge is the first steel bridge across the Red River in Hanoi, a length of 1862 built by the French. At that time, Long Bien Bridge is the largest bridge in Indochina and is one of four huge bridges in the world. But do not take pride that the long term, such a tool is built primarily by the purpose of colonization, the bridge soon to bear the buckling his war wounds.Old bridge is an important transportation hub, became the meeting place between urban and rural, one the banks still appear the floral field bowls, one side of life with urbanization. Today, trains, motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians are still crossing the bridge. Some parts of the bridge is intact, but most have been repaired by the damage. But the bridge  is still there as a significant evidence of war and history.After more than a century of existence, the Long Bien Bridge has a familiar image for many, many gen erations and became a cultural icon, the history of Hanoi. For Hanoi, almost everyone kept a memory of this bridgeTemple of LiteratureVan Mieu – Quoc Tu Giam is a monument rich diversity and contains many precious human values of Hanoi in particular and Vietnam in general. Covering an area of 54,331 square meters, including: Lake Van, the Van Mieu – Quoc Tu Giam and park Giam. The value of history and culture of the Temple of Literature was confirmed during thousands of years.Quoc Tu Giam is where the examinations held important national stature and train talented people for the country and 82 preserved in Temple of Literature. It depicts of the traditional hospitality of the people It is also the encouragement and urged the next generation of today and tomorrow is always to preserve and retain traditional hospitality of the people.Many times repairing the Temple of Literature 9 March 2010, UNESCO officially recognized 82 steles at Van Mieu – Quoc Tu Giam, the l egacy of the material world. It is also a lot of domestic and foreign delegations have been visiting the Temple of Literature. With the ancient architecture and the unique human values, Van Mieu – Quoc Tu Giam is a hyphen history of Hanoi's past and present, contributing to enrich the cultural treasure of the nation.

United States vs. Afghanistan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

United States vs. Afghanistan - Essay Example A potential expansion location in for US Airways in a third world country is Afghanistan. This paper provides an economic analysis of Afghanistan comparing it with the United States. Afghanistan is located in the Middle East near the border of Pakistan. The country has a population of 29.12 million people. The population of Afghanistan is roughly 10% the size of the US population. The real gross domestic product per capita of the country is $900. This metric makes Afghanistan one of the poorest countries in the world. The United States with a real gross domestic product per capita of $46,000 has one of the highest standards of living in the world (CultureGrams, 2011). Afghanistan suffers from a number of social problems that are hurting the economic development of the region. For starters the adult literacy rate of the population is low. The adult literacy rate of males is 43% and in females it is even lower at 13% (CultureGrams, 2011). When a population has low illiteracy rates the working class of the country lacks a college education which hurts the ability of the nation to compete in the knowledge economy. In contrast the illiteracy rate of the United States is above 99% which means that most Americans know how to write and read. The overall social and economic conditions of these two countries are very different. The US due to its wealth has abundance of shelter, food, and medicine for its people in a country that has a very stable political condition.

Research Methods & Methodologies in Accounting and Management Essay - 2

Research Methods & Methodologies in Accounting and Management - Essay Example The UK has become an attractive destination for higher education for many nations. Nowadays, the highest inflow of foreign students to the UK comes from China. The number of Chinese students taking higher education courses in the UK has shown dramatic increase during past decades. In 1998-1999 the number of Chinese students in UK was 4000 (Ianelli and Huang, 2014). By 2001, the number rose by 71% to nearly 18,000 students and by 2009-2010 to almost 57,000 (Gittings, 2002; Ianelli and Huang, 2014). There are many papers which aimed to explore the determinants of the choice of UK universities by overseas students. Soo & Elliot (2010) have carried out such research, analysing key determinants of popularity of the UK universities among international students. They have found that fee cost, quality of education, as well as the existing popularity of a university among home applicants were some of the most significant factors (Soo & Elliot, 2010). Thus, prestige and quality of higher educa tion are recognized to be the most common reasons. However, the inflow of Chinese students can be hardly explained only with these aspects. With the growth of the middle class and market orientation of China, Chinese families seek value for money (Gittings, 2002). Obviously, that decision of a Chinese student to study in the UK is more likely to be sponsored by their parents, and therefore, parents also are important decision-makers in the process. Ianelli and Huang (2014) have tried to analyze how the patterns of attainment of Chinese graduates have changed during the last decade. The findings have shown that science, engineering, business, and social sciences were the courses in great among the Chinese students in UK (Ianelli and Huang, 2014). Also, the study has shown that Russel Group universities are increasingly popular among Chinese students studying in

Up In the Air Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Up In the Air - Essay Example The primary location depicted in the film is St. Louis Missouri, although it was substituted by other cities like Michigan, Omaha, Detroit, Las Vegas, Florida, Miami and Nebraska (Abramowitz, 2009). The film has won several awards in screenplays and nominations. This analysis looks at ‘Up in the Air’ film with particular reference to its music, sound, continuity and editing among other aspects of movie analysis. Music and soundtrack ‘Up in the Air’ film features different music including songs by; The Black Keys, (Black Keys member gone solo), Elliot Smith, Dan Auerbach’s ‘which is quite good stuff between’ and Crosby. Other artists that the film features include Sad Brad Smith, Stills & Nash and Sharon Jones & the Dap among others. In actual analysis of the music in this film, most of the songs featured can make up a 12 track soundtrack CD (Schuker, & Lauren, 2009). Furthermore, the film also includes Kevin Renick’s titular song ‘Up in the Air’. This is the song that plays in the closing credits of the film and is about uncertainty, loneliness, and disconnection where career transition is eluded. ‘Up in the Air’ is a melancholy song which also narrates about where one expects his or her life to go. ‘Angel in the Snow’ song by Elliot Smith is also included in the soundtrack of the movie. Analysts reveal that the application of this song is one of the best uses of music within a film (French, 2010). Continuity In any film making process, continuity is always an important threshold worth meeting, whereby a series of shots and casts are required to be physically continuous such that the cinema appears only to change angles during a single event. Technically speaking, it is the responsibility of the film director in this case Jason Reitman and the script supervisor who are responsible for keeping continuity in the film. ‘Up in the Air’ presents different dates of casting which also took plac e in different cities (Abramowitz, 2009). This calls for a professional editing to enhance the continuity of the film at the best recommended levels. For instance, the film was mostly cast at the St. Louis area, although other cities like Omaha, Missouri and Detroit are also featured. The filming of ‘Up in the Air’ commenced in March 2009 continuing all the way to the end of April, including more than 80 locations, and featuring heavy product placement with the American Airlines, Hilton Hotels, Hertz and even the Chrysler (Schuker, & Lauren, 2009). Therefore, with all these details and complexity of issues to be included, it can be deduced that ‘Up in the Air’ Film achieved some great milestone as far as its continuity is concerned. Editing It will be realized that the ‘Up in the Air’s’ post production schedule was much shorter in comparison to the previous films done by Jason Reitman. The editing of this film lasted between 16 to 17 wee ks as opposed to the usual editing periods which is normally between 22 to 26 weeks (Abramowitz, 2009). This is attributed to the fact that Reitman was heavily involved in the post production of the movie during shooting. Moreover, the entire shooting of the film took place on location. Scenes would be sent to the film chief editor everyday as soon as they were ready from the source (Schuker, & Lauren, 2009). Editing of the film was quite essential in determining how the nonverbal moments shaped the cast characters i.e. Alex and Ryan’

You choose a subject Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

You choose a subject - Essay Example She however got tired of him too because he repressed her independence and treated her more like a trophy than a person. Although she submits to him, deep down she resents her life and feels being married to him was just like being a servant. After 20 years of marriage, he dies and she marries Tea Cake, a poor but fun loving and adventurers’ man in whom she finds all the love she had been looking for. They move to the everglades where they work as laborers, this relationship is however brutally ended when during the Hurricane Tea Cake is bitten by a rabid dog (â€Å"From their Eyes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  7). Two weeks later she is forced to kill him to defend herself from his psychotic delusional self. After being acquitted for his murder, she finally goes home and the book begins and ends as she retells her story, an act that finally puts her at peace with herself and her late husband. The book touches on several themes that are or relevance to the lives of women of color and the black community in general in the backdrop of recently ended slavery. One of the dominant themes is, Love vs. independence, since the quest for both is the content of most of Janie’s life; she leaves home to search for love but evidently fails to find it in her first husband. She leaves him believing she has found true love in Stark and although in the start it looked like the perfect romance she soon realizes his ambition is far greater than his love for her. It is only with Tea Cake that she finally gets both love and independence since he treats her tenderly and respects her individuality unlike the former husband who repressed her. The theme of gender roles is also explored in the book through the events that shape Janie’s life. He grandmother holds that men are providers and women should be taken care of by them and so married Janie off to an older man. Stark, on the other hand, assumes that being the man in a relationship gives him rights over the woman whom he treasures more

Research Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research Argument - Essay Example Admittedly the various crimes for which execution was the verdict have been brought down in recent times. Also the methods of execution (quartering, boiling, and impaling to name a few) have been made less barbaric in the recent years. However whether death penalty should be allowed a place in our law at all is a much debated point. Two thirds of the countries around the world have completely abolished capital punishment for any crime. Many countries have even abolished it as late as 2008: Uzbekistan for one did so on 1st January 2008. The European Union is also firm in its stand against death penalty. Currently though 60 countries retain the use of the same for certain crimes like premeditated murder while others retain death penalty but have not executed anyone within a span of 10 years (â€Å"Death penalty: Abolitionist and Retentionist countries†). The United States has been under fire from various fronts regarding the large number of executions since 1976, the year during which death penalty was reinstated in the country. The support in the nation against death penalty is steadily on the rise. Yet there is a strong belief among quite a large population that the only punishment fit for a person who has taken the life of another is death itself and no less. A legal scholar, writes, â€Å"Abolitionists appear to value the life of a convicted murderer or, at least, his non-execution, more highly than they value the lives of the innocent victims who might be spared by deterring prospective murderers.† (van den Haag). In certain cases like that of Timothy McVeigh, where the convict shows no remorse for his heinous crimes it seems like death penalty is the only fitting verdict that can be pronounced. Timothy McVeigh was sentenced to death and executed on 11 April 2006 for the attack on a federal building in Oklahoma. He was responsible for the death of 168 individuals, including 19

Make up an FORMAL Cover Letter based on the Resume and the Job Essay

Make up an FORMAL Cover Letter based on the Resume and the Job Announcement - Essay Example My work experience has helped me develop skills that will be useful for this role. Over the previous two semesters, I worked as a lab assistant at the Immunology and Virology department at UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. Here I was able to place orders for specimen and then prepare them for testing. I also took phone calls regarding lab results or just answering lab-related questions in general. In addition to my work experience, I have honed my leadership skills as a youth organizer at the Chinese Progressive Association. During my time there, I prompted community youth members to investigate toxic contamination causes in San Francisco and then developed their communication skills for the purpose of presenting their findings at the San Francisco Board of Supervisor’s meeting. My knowledge of Cantonese and Mandarin would be a valuable addition to your company. With many Chinese people immigrating to the United States, there will be a growing need to cater for the Chinese drug and medicine market. My knowledge of these two languages will, in my opinion, make me an excellent candidate for this position. It would be an honor to work for your company. I am available for an interview at a time of your choosing. My contact information is listed below if you need to reach me to discuss this position further. Thank you for your time and

Should Corrections Be Date and Time Stamped Essay Example for Free

Should Corrections Be Date and Time Stamped Essay 1.Should corrections be date and time stamped? According to the American Medical Association, all medical records should be date and time stamped and should identify the corrector or the person that is making any changes of any sort. First, the individual making the correction needs to identify him or herself as having authorization to do so. Secondly, any corrections need to contain the date and time they took place so that if any questions were to arise they may be better referenced. Finally, all changes to a patient’s medical record must contain a list of people to notify of the changes. All of these steps are necessary without exception to protect the accuracy of a patient’s medical record. 2.When should a patient be advised of the existence of computerized databases containing medical information about the patient? A patient must understand how their medical records are being maintained. This is very important for confidentiality. Patients need to stay advised of the existence of computerized databases that contain their medical records before the records transfer to the staff entering them into the database. The patient is also to be advised as to whom will maintain their records and who will and will not have access to their medical records. Any person able to access the patient’s record through the computerized database needs to be identified to the patient before the records become part of the system. These steps are to ensure the patient that the right measures are being taken to keep their records confidential.

Cremation Essay Example for Free

Cremation Essay I have always perceived life to be simple. As a young child, I have always been that ordinary child whom people expected little of. I could do anything to anyone without drawing much attention. As I grew older, these were not changed. I was still branded as someone of great importance to society. I tried to live my life as quietly as possible, without anyone noticing. This is the main reason why I opt to be cremated when I die. I wanted to set up funeral arrangements with my family before I die. I will let them know what I want once I depart from this wonderful world which I lived. Although this sounds morbid since I am still alive, I wanted to prepare myself and picture where will my remains be as I leave my family and friends. If ever I will die either by sickness or accident, I will let my family take my body to the nearest cremation center and burn it right away. As for my wake, I will ask my family to tell my friends and colleagues to visit our house and have them see a beautiful jar where my ashes are placed. Surrounding the said jar are my pictures that tells different stories because my so many experiences with them. Cremation is less expensive than buying caskets and a burial plot. I wanted my urn to be stored in our living room so that my family will not be lonely enough whenever they miss me. I like the idea that people will think that I am still and will always be around them. I always live in simplicity and I believe that this manner of funeral tradition is simple enough for me to be remembered.

British Broadcasting Company (BBC)

British Broadcasting Company (BBC) The British Broadcasting Company (BBC) was established on October 18, 1922. It was established under the hands of some wireless manufacturers including Guglielmo Marconi (Marconi), inventor of the radio. In 1927, the companys name was changed to the British Broadcasting Corporation. The BBC is the largest and popular broadcasting companies in the world. The BBC London office alone has 10,000 employees. It is publicly-owned and funded by a television license fee that everyone with a television has to pay. The structure of the BBC is very complex. There are more than 150 subsidiaries and joint ventures, divided into 16 main divisions and out of which nine are broadcasting divisions. In Britain the BBC has got eight television channels and ten radio networks along with 46 local and national radio stations. It has its own website called online site bbc.co.uk. The nine broadcasting divisions are: * Television * Radio and music * News * National and regions * Sports * Factual and learning * Drama, Entertainment and CBBC * New media and technology * BBC world service and global news The BBC networks (like BBC1, BBC3, and Radio 1) are managed by these nine areas. The other five divisions provide the support to program-making and channel-running. Without these the BBC couldnt function. * BBC People * Finance, Property and Business affairs * Marketing, Communications and Audiences * Policy and legal * Strategy and distribution Literature review: Strategic management is a systematic analysis of external and internal environmental factors in order to provide necessary information for effective management practices. In short the strategic management process is explained as below: 1) Formation of vision 2) Preparing mission statement with respect to vision 3) Framing objectives with respect to mission 4) Developing strategies to achieve objectives 5) Implementing strategies 6) Evaluating performance. Cultural web of BBC: Aligning your organizational cultural with strategy. Culture determines how we do the things around us. Once organization adopts some ways of doing particular things in a particular manner and people following it makes the culture. It is very difficult to change the culture of an organization, but dyke was very much success in changing the culture of BBC from bureaucratic to clan control. The difficulties associated with BBC are: 1) Launch of ITV (independent Television) has decreased BBCS market share to as low as 28% 2) Reduced viewers because of the introduction of satellite and cable television in the UK. 3) In 1990 BBCS in- house production department was affected by the broadcasting act of 1990, which states that all television channels are required to source 25% of their television programs from independent producers. 4) The another problem faced by the BBC was low employee morale 5) The work is decentralized 6) No co-ordination between employees of the firm was the major problem 7) There was no mutual trust and employees were not willing to collaborate with each other. The models followed by the BBC before Dyke took the charge: Bureaucratic model: BBC was following bureaucratic model, which Dyke found, it was not suitable to the BBC because, those models will aim at only efficiency through framing strict rules and regulations. Everyone in the organization is bound to follow the rules even though the rules do not meet the persons capabilities. Some employees who have new ideas were also lacking behind because of these rules, which generally restricts their responsibilities. The models and programs of BBC implemented after dyke took the charge: 1) The rational goal model: this model focuses on the organizations ability to achieve its goals. An organizations goals are identified by establishing the general goal, and finding easy ways to achieve the general goals in turn which lead to achievement of organizational goals. 2) The managerial process model: A productivity of various managerial processes like decision making, planning, budgeting, is analyzed for achieving goals. The benefits of this model are: * Improves supervisory behavior and concern for workers * Increases team spirit, group loyalty, and teamwork among workers and between workers and management * Develops confidence, trust and communication among workers and between workers and management * Gives more freedom to set own objectives. 3) Organizational development model: This model also increases the organizations ability to work as a team and to fit the needs of its members. The benefits of these models are same as Managerial process model. 4) The structural functional model: this model tests the durability and flexibility of the organizations structure for responding to a diversity of situations and events. The benefits of this model are: * Helps the organization to be secured in relation to the social forces in its environment. * Improves stability of lines of authority and communication. * Improves stability of informal relations within the organization. * Continuity can be seen in policy making. 5) McKinsey Seven S models: this model helps in facing the competitors by analyzing Strength, weaknesses, opportunities, threats {SWOT} of BBC and there by working with respect to the areas where the BBC is weak. The diagram below explains the seven S of this model. Mckinsey 7 s model Clan control: MR. Dyke followed Clan control policy which represents cultural values almost the opposite of bureaucratic control. Clan control works well with values, beliefs, corporate culture, shared norms, and informal relationships to regulate employee behaviors and achieving organizational goals. Critical analyses of the programs implemented in BBC are: MAKING IT HAPPEN On February 07, 2002, Dyke announced the new program One BBC: Making It Happen, in-order to drive internal change at the BBC. The goal of this program was to make the BBC the most creative organization in the world by the year 2007. Dyke wanted to achieve this by giving more freedom to the people, encouraging new ideas, and changing the work culture. He also aimed at building trust among the employees, making them feel more valued, and improving the leadership capabilities of the people in higher positions. In the first step, Dyke and the BBCs senior management identified 7 areas where changes will make a huge difference. Dyke wanted the BBC employees to give their suggestions on how to improve the company in the seven areas through an appreciative inquiry process. For this, he initiated a consultation program called Just Imagine in which seven teams formed on the basis of the seven areas for change; he consulted the staff and managers across the organization. The teams headed by a leader, would record the various suggestions and ideas, come up with proposals for change, and report these to the Executive Committee. Along with 7 teams, 17 divisional teams were formed to carry on Making It Happen at the divisional level and developed the change plans. The consultation process started with the teams hosting the sessions which included a group of employees ranging between 25 and 200 at a time. During the sessions, the employees were asked to explain their most memorable experience at the BBC and the situations that helped in creating the experience and the steps to be taken to make the memorable experience a routine at the BBC. By September 2002, nearly 7,000 employees had voluntarily participated in the sessions, providing ideas and suggestions along with a number of issues. For instance, some employees highlighted that the BBC lacked a proper induction program, which had resulted in a number of new employees leaving the organization within six months of their joining. BBCS SEVEN THEME TEAMS †¢ Inspire Creativity Everywhere: Led by Helen Boaden, Controller Radio 4. This team gathered feedback on ways to improve creativity across the organization. †¢ Connect With All Audience: Led by Jane Root, Controller BBC Two. This team collected ideas on how to connect with audiences of all ages. †¢ Value People: The team, led by Jerry Timmins, Head of Americas, World Service, recorded ideas to create a better relationship among the employees. †¢ We Are The BBC: The team, led by Roger Mosey, Head of Television News, consulted employees and asked them about the steps to be taken to promote oneness among the employees. †¢ Just Do It: The team enquired the steps to be taken to reduce bureaucracy and transform the BBC into a can do organization. The team was led by Sara Geater, Director of Rights and Business Affairs. †¢ Lead More, Manage Less: This team believed that management is about leadership and emphasized that employees should be led rather than controlled. It dealt with what the employees wanted from their leaders. The team was led by Andy Griffee, Controller, and English Regions. †¢ Make Great Spaces: Led by Shar Nebhranjani, Head of Finance, New Media, the team dealt with making the working environment more exciting and creative. Dyke also introduced upfront for London based employees and the outcome is the formation of 6 groups. They are: †¢ One BBC: To create a closer organization. †¢ Leadership: To have great leadership. †¢ Audiences: To inspire and connect to a diverse audience. †¢ Creativity: To be the most creative organization in the world. †¢ Great spaces: To create better places to work. †¢ People: To provide better benefits, etc. THE BIG CONVERSATION On May 15, 2003, Dyke arranged a nationwide meeting of the BBC staff, which he called The Big Conversation. The London station was connected to all the BBC offices across Britain. Nearly 17,000 employees participated in the live interactive event and raised about 3,500 questions. This program was aimed at communicating the steps that would be taken to implement the changes. According to Dyke the important issue that came out of this conversation is related to complaints related the poor management standard. Many employees complained that they were being bullied rather than managed. Dyke found out that the BBC had good leaders, but not many, as there werent any leadership development programs. He was looking for employees to be led well. Any person handling more than 2 employees was put under the program and BBC willing to spend up to  £40 million on leadership development over the next 5 years. BBCS LEADERSHIP PROGRAM This program was developed using the feedback of Just Imagine sessions. The employees wanted to have a good relationship with their managers and good leadership across all levels. Its been found that BBC had 52 different leadership development programs across 17 divisions and that this had resulted in a difference in leadership capabilities across various divisions. During consultations the employees said that they felt the nice when their managers, supported, motivated, trusted and treated them with respect. These aspects were kept in mind while describing the qualities of a leader. The training program would run for six months. The leadership program was developed by BBC senior managers and the Ashridge business school staff. The BBC also involved some of its partners and customers in developing the leadership program. The program, designed around BBC values, was aimed at change in the behaviour of the employees with their subordinates and also aimed at training them to deal with problems that they could encounter as leaders such as managing incompetent staff. Before the start of the program, the managers are nominated for the training by their reporting manager and they were given 360-degree feedback in the company of a professional psychologist. This provided them with their objectives, which will be used for evaluating the progress after the training. The program started for all the 3 levels of leaders with 1 day workshop in which they learned about BBC leadership and important concepts of leadership such as collaborative working etc. Learn gateway provided learning content and material for the employees after the training. Connect gateway enabled the employees to share their knowledge; skills while Talk gateway enabled helped to debate, discuss various topics. Dyke was finally successful with his approaches and programs for a good period of time and thereby helping the BBC to retaining to its original position. References: Books Johnson,G,Scholes,K,whittington,R (2008).Exploring corporate strategy. 8th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. p215-557. Johnson,G,Scholes,K,whittington,R (2005).Exploring corporate strategy. 5th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. p233-563. Electronic sources BBC. (6th September 2001).The Competitive Forces Business Model.Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A593345. Last accessed 26 March 2010. Weber,M. (1920).Business Systems The Bureaucratic Model. Available: http://www.bola.biz/systems/bureau.html. Last accessed 26 March 2010. Barnat, R. (2005).The Managerial Process Model.Available: http://www.strategic-control.24xls.com/en128. Last accessed 26 March 2010. Mckinsey. ().7 S model.Available: http://www.managingchange.com/bpr/bprcult/mckinsey.gif. Last accessed 26 March 2010. Mind tools. (2010).The cultural web.Available: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_90.htm. Last accessed 26 March 2010. Business dictionary. (2010).strategic management.Available: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/strategic-management.html. Last accessed 26 March 2010. Open learning. (2010).Process of strategic management.Available: http://www.openlearningworld.com/olw/courses/books/Introduction%20to%20Strategic%20Management/Strategy%20Development/The%20Process%20of%20Strategic%20Management_files/image002.gif. Last accessed 26 March 2010. Bolender. (2009).strategic management process.Available: www.bolender.com//BBA4073%20Strategic%20Planning%20and%20Policy. Last accessed 26 March 2010. Kumar,V. (2006). Leadership traning and development at the BBC.ICFAI. 1 (1), p1-13. Froud,J,Johal,S,Leaver,A,. (June 2009). Stressed by Choice: A Business Model Analysisof the BBC.SSRN. 20 (2), p252-264.

Essay --

The Canadian Center of Science and Education and Andrew Worsley are to be given credit for the work done in this paper. Also, there are references to a project done in 2,000 called the MACHO project. The paper was developed by testing if, â€Å"advances in black hole physics can be used to accurately model both CDM associated with the super massive black hole at the center of the galaxy, and cosmological cold dark matter† (Worsley, 2012). They analyzed different sets of data and used a series of mathematical equations to find the proof of the existence of cosmological dark matter in the atmosphere. A strength of this article is that they put the distance to the LMC at 40kpc. This allowed the core radius of the halo to be as big as 25 kpc, which is like the MACHO project Model F predicted that as much as 40-60% of the halo mass could be accounted for by MACHOs, which implies that a portion of the halo could be primordial black holes. However, other models showed a lower percen tage 20 % of the core halo mass because they only kept it at 5 kpc, which limited their results. What has become c...

Wicked Virtuoso In Your Shadow :: essays research papers

h, p-leez, gimme a break, so what if I say wicked? Or evil is more appropriate? And stop those scrutinizing brows; this is of no inept revelation. And why begin it as eloquently as this is? Simple. Arrogance and hypocrisy within the breeze of air that surrounds me is as callous as they are overwhelmingly alluring and good-looking. Yes, I speak of a sheep in a wolf’s clothing, a metaphor you wish not to plummet into nor be one of its allies. Nor do I. Not in a million years. Beware, on land, on moon, on space, the wicked paranoia may never come as a visible being but in a tacit, truculent silence, like a shadow lurking behind your every step. Some maybe inopportune as they are empirical and wise for I myself bushwhacked few of them, catching the drift, turning my back, and kindly letting them live their crazed life, hearing things but letting it out of my system the second it hits me. So, I was born with it, the so-called intellectually vital vision and outstanding senses. I sense the real, the fake, the filthy. I sense which has heart, which has not. When you are a Virgo as the writer is, you are one with the nature; you are a virgin who symbolizes purity of the mind- the ability to grasp things logically. What others say has never staunched me, never trampled me, never put me down. Sheep in a wolf’s clothing- more of an ethnic joke than a human being. Jogging up my memories, the bad ones have all but not vanished. But these made me stronger like my Shihan’s innate and apparent strength. Fear never reverberates through me, slap me and I’ll break your nose, hurt me and you’ll wish you we never alive. So here goes nothing- I am a girl, a powerful femininity flows through me, a strong spirit, a determination as strong as Malcolm X’s and a mind as clear as a tranquil Black Sea. Never fear, never hesitate, speak out and be heard, let no wolf clothing scare you. Then there goes the pin-pointer- who points his faults to others. This person is in need of a mirror to reflect the real self- for a wide awakening. A snide attitude toward every little peccadillo he assumes are others but is truly his. He needs to study European suavity or even better- learn to pinch himself- to feel he is at loss, and in need of moral repair.

Does Capital Punishment Deter Crime Essay

In the article Inequality: Causes and Consequences, Kathryn M. Neckerman and Florencia Torche discuss the existing patterns, causes and consequences of economic inequality in the United States, including inequality of earnings, wealth, and opportunity. Their research refers to the social and political causes and consequences of inequality in such areas as â€Å"health, education, crime, social capital, and political power† (Neckerman & Torche, 2007, p. 335). In addition, they discuss world inequality, exploring the major inequality trends across different nations. The researchers of this article have the major goal – to help readers to better understand the roots of this social problem and its effects on people, organizations and labor markets. In fact, economic inequality in the United States constitutes a social problem which required the appropriate solutions. According to George Ritzer (2004), â€Å"problems associated with economic inequality are closely linked to the level of development, with inequality being a far greater problem in developed nations than in less developed countries† (p. 10). Undoubtedly, such social problem as economic inequality can be found both in developed and developing countries. In the United Sates, this issue is of great importance as the American nation is based on the principle: all people are created equal and should be treated equally. Most Americans believe that they are a part of the middle class that command a large part of American society. However, today there is an evidence of certain economic differences between the rich and the poor, although the United States provides equal opportunities for personal development. According to Neckerman and Torche (2007), in the United States, the obvious economic disparities started to rise in the1970s, while the increased economic disparities can be easily identified today. One of the sociological researches, the long-term Luxembourg Income Study of 2000, proves the fact that economic inequality is much higher in the United States than in other industrialized countries. And â€Å"only two industrialized countries, Mexico and Russia have more income inequality than the United States† (Brinkerhoff et al. , 2007, p. 147). It has been found that the lower class10% of American population has become extremely poor, while the upper class 10% has become extremely wealthier. The increased income inequality is closely connected with the changes in the economic system of the United States. The research shows that 80% of Americans work in service and retail occupations which pay lowers wages in comparison with the manufacturing jobs that â€Å"once dominated the US economy† (Brinkerhoff et al. , 2007, p. 147). In addition, practically all economic divisions try to replace well-paid permanent workers with lower-paid part-time workers. Thus, the above mentioned changes combined with declining level of union membership and â€Å"a stationary minimum wage† has contributed to the lower incomes of poor and working class Americans. The primary patterns and causes of inequality in the United States based on the article Inequality: Causes and Consequences are focused on the three areas of inequality: inequality in wealth, inequality of opportunity and wage inequality. The authors of the article pay special attention to the recent trends and are based on the major factors that are driving distributional outcomes in the United States. To start with, one of the major causes of inequality in the United States is wage inequality which remains stable despite economic crisis. High skilled employees get higher wages than unskilled workers. In addition, inequality matters in contemporary society help to better understand the differences in economic well-being of all Americans. The authors of the article believe that inequality at one point in time may affect inequality in the next generation, what gives explanation to the issue of equality of opportunity, or the so-called social mobility (Neckerman, & Torche, 2007, p. 39). One more cause of inequality in the United States is inequality in wealth. Today â€Å"wealth is more unevenly distributed than income,† according to Neckerman and Torche (2007, p. 338). In the United States, wealth inequality is connected with the increase of states by the well-paid employees. In fact, wealth increase is one of the basic motivators of behavior of Americans. As wealth is concentrated in the hands of the smaller part of the population, wealth inequality can be viewed as one of the most important causes of inequality in the United States. I support the above mentioned causes and patterns of inequality in the United States because the authors’ ideas are based on the reliable sources, such as numerous sociological and economic researches conducted by the experts in economic issues and based on the proper statistical data. Moreover, the causes of inequality represented in the article have already been identified by many economists and sociologists. Finally, I support the causes and patterns of inequality provided by the authors of the article because they are similar to my personal views and ideas on this subject. For example, I believe that wage inequality in the United States is affected by the following factors: the increased international trade and considerable technological changes, the growth of immigration and improved training practices and education. It is clear that the increased international trade and technological improvements in all ranges of human activity require highly skilled workers, promoting wage inequality. In addition, increased level of immigration of unskilled workers â€Å"results in a decrease in the supply of skilled workers relative to unskilled workers†(Carbaugh, 2011, p. 3). This fact means that immigration promotes wage inequality in the United States. Wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers can be reduced due to the adequate education and training of workers. Thus, my ideas concerning the major causes of inequality in the United States are similar to the authors’ ideas. Economic inequality in the United States may have a number of consequences not only for the country’s economy, but also for all Americans. According to Neckerman and Torche (2007), economic inequality in the US society may â€Å"reinforce privilege among the affluent and disadvantage among the poor, reinforcing economic inequality in the next generation† (p. 340). This fact means that children from low income families can get less education and their earnings in adulthood will be lower. It is necessary to agree with this consequence of economic inequality because today many children from poor families have no chance to get good education and, as a result, they have low level of education. Without parental support, it is very difficult to get a good education. Children have to pay for their education. In case parents do not provide financial support to their children, they have to find a job in order to pay for their studies at colleges or universities. In addition, economic inequality may lead to poor health of a particular population. The authors of the article state that social inequality has negative consequences for human health because â€Å"it undermines social capital, or because it is associated with poorer social welfare provisions or other institutional arrangements that disadvantage the poor† (Neckerman & Torche, 2007, p. 341). In fact, there may be some other effects on human health, such as direct and indirect effects of stress on human health (alcohol/drug abuse, depression, mental disorders, etc. ). This fact is true because if an individual has no money to buy medication, food and services, he/she will not be able to improve health. There is clear evidence that poverty and economic inequality may lead to health problems, according to Ichiro Kawachi, who links economic inequality to mortality (2000, p. 86). Finally, economic inequality in the United States has negative consequences for social order. According to the recent researches and theories, the individual’s decision to commit a crime is often â€Å"driven by the potential criminal’s calculation of expected returns; in this framework, inequality may raise the expected returns from property crime† (Neckerman & Torche, 2007, p. 343). It is necessary to agree with this statement as economic inequality is closely connected with criminal behavior of individuals. According to the frustration-aggression theory, income inequality can be viewed as â€Å"the major source of frustration† (Pare, 2006, p. 9). Many individuals in our society want to assess and compare the level of their happiness with others. This unavoidable social comparison process means that â€Å"dissatisfaction with income inequality leads to frustration and violence† (Pare, 2006, p. 9). When looking at economic inequality worldwide, the key issues that researchers should be concerned with, are based on more economic global change, economic growth in some countries and declines in other countries. I believe that the majority of developing countries will be left behind in an ever growing global economy. It has been found that most researchers are focused on the study of disparities within the United States and other industrialized nations. Many developing countries which face economic inequality are not discussed in the media. It is very important to explore global inequality and its consequences for all nations. It is clear that disparities across nations may lead to conflicts and misunderstanding. Neckerman and Torche (2007) discuss some possible consequences of global inequality, including â€Å"relative deprivation, the concentration of power† (p. 346). Grahame F. Thompson (2007) explores the relationships between the growing international economy, global inequality and globalization processes and states that â€Å"there is no single and correct way to measure global inequality† (p. 182). In fact, global inequality is a rather complex phenomenon which cannot be described without evaluation of the consequences of the global economic growth. One of the economists, Stanley Fischer, considers that there are two contradictory trends in global inequality. Actually, he states that global inequality between different nations was increasing during the period of 1980 – 2000. In order to decrease global inequality, the poor countries would have had to experience much â€Å"higher rates of economic growth than rich countries† (Thompson, 2007, p. 178). On the other hand, he states that if rich countries continue to grow faster than poor countries, then global inequality would increase. In addition, global inequality is affected by globalization. Many globalization critics point out to the fact that globalization has worsened global inequality, while the defenders of globalization state the opposite. As global inequality refers to the disproportionate distribution of income and wealth across all nations, different nations have unequal benefits from economic operations. According to Ritzer (2004), global inequality increases because the poor nations obtain a smaller part of a fixed per capita income for the world, what leads to the rise of poverty. However, there is clear evidence that globalization can compress global inequality. In fact, globalization leads to the faster diffusion of production technologies to poorer nations, what leads to reduction of global income inequality. The existing global inequality is the result of uneven regional growth rates during the past centuries, when the majority of Western countries moved ahead, while many Asian and African lagged behind. Today sociologists have learned much about economic inequality. However, there are still many questions about the major causes of economic inequality in today’s environment. The empirical studies show considerable changes in the minimum wage and union membership, as well as other institutional factors that affect economic inequality. It has been found that economic inequality is a complex phenomenon that influences the lives of all individuals in the world. The rise in economic inequality is not a transitory process, and it has certain implications for social and political life, health, crime, educational attainment and other consequences. The researchers have found that the major patterns and causes of economic inequality in the United States are inequality in wealth, wage inequality and inequality of opportunities. In addition, a considerable increase in immigration over the past 20 years increased income disparities in the United Sates. According to the recent research, the majority of immigrants come from poor countries to the United States in order to find a well-paid job. One more factor of economic inequality is different education attainment of individuals. The US Census Bureau indicates that occupational achievement of individuals and the ability to perform tasks with the use of scarce skills provide higher incomes. Thus, education remains one of the major factors that influence income distribution, there by having a considerable effect on economic inequality. Global inequality may have certain implications for international relations, as well as it may increase relative deprivation among nations. Besides, global inequality may have social and political consequences, â€Å"depending on the individual’s perception and interpretation of inequality, mediated by social relations, institutions and cultural context† (Neckerman & Torche, 2007, p. 351). Thus, a number of solutions have been suggested that would support a more equal or fair economic environment within the United States and worldwide. First of all, it would be better to reduce inequalities in earnings. In order to reduce inequalities in income, it is required to develop and implement the appropriate policies, such as introducing a minimum wage at a reasonable level, reducing unemployment in the United States and worldwide, adopting progressive taxation system, according to which â€Å"tax rate should be increased with the increase of income level†, redistributing labor resources more effectively, providing total control over the existing monopoly prices, providing social security policies, such as pensions, unemployment allowances, etc. (Jain & Khanna, 2007, p. 66). Secondly, wealth inequality should be reduced through effective taxation system. According Mott Tracy (2010), â€Å"wealth inequality is much more severe than income inequality and is the major contributor to income inequality† (p. 136). The individuals, who have accumulated wealth, should be ready to pay wealth taxes. Thirdly, inequality of opportunity should be eliminated through effective strategies, such as providing equal opportunity to getting education, healthcare services, etc. (Becker, p. 137). In fact, many nations realize the importance of equal opportunity today, and try to make opportunity accessible to all members of society.

Has the improvement in high street retail logistics made us all more loyal customers??

Introduction To most businesses, the main objective is to make profit for the shareholders and satisfy the needs and interests of all the other stakeholders in the business. However, profit making is gradually getting more difficult as the liberalisation of markets has led to massive competition in most industries (Kumar et al., 2013). Consequently, companies have had to evolve in order to remain competitive and achieve their goals and objectives both in the short-term and in the long-term. One of the means commonly used by companies to ensure sustainable profitability is through capturing the loyalty of customers. The more loyal the customers are, the more businesses get recurring income and reduce the costs of doing business (Pepe et al., 2011). The retail stores in High St have been in the process of improving its services to their clients and the general public. This is with the aim of improving the levels of customer loyalty and thus increasing sales (Alessandra, 2007). This paper explores t he logistical improvements that have been made by high street retail companies to make their service to customers more effective. It seeks to establish if those improvements have related to customer loyalty to the company and to the brand. This will be achieved through the critical analysis of the supply chain and the detailed evaluation of the systems employed in relation to the benefits gained by High Street Logistics in its business. Findings and Analysis on High Street Retail Logistics Agrawal and Smith (2009) define retail logistics as the flow of goods from the suppliers to the stores and then to consumers. There is a specific logistical model through which this flow is managed to ensure efficiency and cost effectiveness in the process of doing business. The level of competition in high street retail is very high and all companies need to have a competitive advantage in order to be able to survive and thrive in the industry (Bruce & Daly, 2011). As such, there is need for companies to evolve and adapt to the latest trends so as to continue being profitable. Customer loyalty is critical in the performance of retail stores globally. The cost of retaining customers is far much cheaper than that of acquiring new customers thus reducing the cost of doing business for an organisation (Chan & Ip, 2011). The other advantage that is derived from customer loyalty is that the loyal customers will help in the marketing process of the brand name (Alessandra, 2007). Statistics from McKinsey.com (2013) indicate that more people tend to use brands, products or services that have been recommended by people that they know. Thus, such references can only be made by customers who are loyal to the company or brand. To make the customers loyal, retail stores have come up with incentives to entice their clients to continue shopping with them (Lawfer, 2004). Such incentives have involved logistical changes which have improved over the years and part of such an improvement is multichannel retailing. This section intends to address some of these logistical improvements that have been made by high street retail stores. Multichannel Retailing Within the last decade, there has been a shift of retail logistics principles from the traditional modules to the multichannel retailing (Waters, 2010). This evolution has been facilitated and necessitated by technological advancement, the rise and expansion of the internet, and change in purchasing habits. Convenience for the customers has been the primary focus in the evolution of the logistical processes where the needs and wants of the clients are met through all means possible (El-Manstrly et al., 2011). The level of logistical improvements by companies is dependent on how forward thinking the companies are. The future oriented companies have put in place measures in its logistical process to ensure that needs of their techno savvy clients are met in the best way possible (Agrawal & Smith, 2009). As a major improvement in the retail logistics in high street retailing, multichannel retailing is termed to be customer centric and transformative to the manner in which the both custo mers and the retailers relate (Miller, 2012). The process starts with research of the tastes and preferences of the consumers even before the products are stoked. The emerging trends of the market are also monitored and scientific analysis conducted to ensure that the company is able to predict the needs of the customer (Poloian, 2009). The anticipation of what the customers need has been able to help in satisfying the needs of the customers better and more effectively thus creating a perfect relationship between the company and the customers. This in turn fosters customer loyalty to the highest levels (El-Manstrly et al., 2011). Multichannel retailing involves the use of multiple channels to facilitate trade and other transactions, which include after sale service to existing and potential clients, browsing for the desired goods and services, purchase of the goods and services, returning of faulty goods and post sale services to the clients (Poloian, 2009). Based on the channels that a company uses to make sales, the logistics of the retail company are customised to suit the clientele and the goals/objectives of the company. For instance, Argos only used to sell to their clients through their retail stores. However, there was need to develop an online presence in order to be as competitive as companies such as Wal-Mart (Miller, 2012). As a result, the company started an online store which has turned out to be very effective and profitable. Customers prefer the online store as they can window shop without much hustle and get better prices for the goods and services that they need (Pearson, 2012; Grewal et al. , 2011). The online stores also created a need for delivery systems to be part of the logistics package. The goods that have been purchased by the clients are delivered to their door steps for their convenience. Multichannel retailing has contributed towards increasing customer loyalty because regardless of what could be termed as an inconvenience to make a purchase via one channel, there is always an alternative. As such, customer needs are catered for in a better manner, which also increases loyalty (Bruce & Daly, 2011). Even though researchers have established that multichannel retailing is highly beneficial for customers, the fact that customers are always looking for better deals – especially when shopping online – makes it challenging for a single business or brand to maintain certain loyal customers. This is especially when other brands are also trying to attract the same customers (Pearson, 2012). Data Mining Data mining has been one of the most conspicuous forms of improvement in the retail logistics that has been experienced in high street retailing. It is conducted by companies by reviewing the shopping trends of their clients and enables them to make predictions on the types of products or service that will be needed by their clients (Kantardzic, 2011). For instance, a company can check on its online stores which goods have been purchased most and by what category of their customers for instance, the products could have been purchased by female customers with young children and from a specific region of the country or part of the city (Linoff & Berry, 2011). By possessing this data, the store can be able to stock the product for an anticipated need or to maximize on the profitability of the product. The same case applies to seasonal products which need strategic stocking for limited resources not to be wasted (Phan & Vogel, 2010). Clipper, the leading retail and high value logistics company in the United Kingdom investigated the changes taking place in the retail logistic that are taking place in high street retailers presently and that are anticipated in the near future (Clipper Logistics, 2013). The company notes that in today’s ever changing world, high street retailers cannot afford to lack creativity and innovativeness the way that they do business (Clipper Logistics, 2013). Thus, it is necessary for companies to formulate strategies that will give them a competitive edge over their competitors. In some cases, however, companies have been sued for mining client data through unauthorised means (Kantardzic, 2011). Whereas data mining is intended to provide more customized customer services that will increase customer loyalty, such incidents are detrimental to the achievement of this objective. For companies that use the appropriate means to mine data and provide services tailored to meet the needs of clients, there is a definite potential of increased customer loyalty (Linoff & Berry, 2011). Other Logistical Improvements Many retail logistics companies offer a full redesign of a company’s logistics system, which includes fully automated or semi-automated warehousing systems which run most the retail channels for their clients (Agrawal & Smith, 2009). The other service that is offered is inventory management for the purposes of improving the shelf availability of the products and services. Distribution to clients and dealing with suppliers is another role that has been taken over by retail logistics companies as service providers (Poloian, 2009). Most of the high street retailers have outsourced these services while others have decided to have an in-built system but seek the consultancy services of retail logistics companies. No matter the approach taken, the main aim is to improve on service delivery, reducing the costs of doing business and ensuring that the customers’ needs are met (Bruce & Daly, 2011). Many high street retailers also have follow-up surveys to ensure that the quality of customer service is up to the required standards. With the current level of internet accessibility among consumers, if feedback is not collected from the clients directly, it is received on social media platforms where most clients air there grievance (McKinsey.com, 2013). To avoid such situations, logistics of retail high street retailers have undergone several improvements to ensure prompt and adequate communication with customers (Phan & Vogel, 2010;Grewal et al., 2011). All these improvements that have been made by companies have been done with the aim of increasing customer satisfaction as well as improving their competitive edges (McKinsey.com, 2013). This has also led to an increase in customer loyalty for high-street retailers. Conclusion All businesses have to evolve at one point or another in order to remain relevant in the business world. High street is no different from other competitive markets for retail business and most companies have come up with ways and means to ensure that their retail logistics are up to the latest standards and that all the customers are satisfied. Improvements in the logistical processes, such as the delivery of goods, e-commerce through mobile applications and online store and the innovation in new channels for retail, have played a great role in customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction in turn translates into more sales for the company and most importantly it translates to customer loyalty. The level of customer loyalty has been enhanced through the new services that have been brought about by the improvement in the logistics of these companies. However, the fact that some logistical developments require a lot of customer information has raised some scepticism among several custom ers. Based on technological advancement, the level of competition in the market and the changing consumer needs, more changes and improvements are still expected. Recommendations Although much has been done in the retail logistics sectors, there is still more to be done through technological advancement. Application of artificial intelligence to the logistical process is recommended for the retail stores to serve the purposes of automating processes and making predictions of future consumer trends with higher accuracy (Bodhani, 2012). The use of artificial intelligence will not only raise the integrity of the companies and the transactions in which they are involved, but will also aid in fully satisfying the needs of the customers even without the mentioning of the needs by the clients (Phan & Vogel, 2010). Such high quality services will lead to customer loyalty and thus profitability of the high street retail stores. One of the limitations of this recommendation, however, is the fact that it needs a lot of financial capital to implement. References Agrawal, N. M., & Smith, S. A. (2009). Retail supply chain management quantitative models and empirical studies. New York: Springer. Alessandra, A. J. (2007). Stairs of customer loyalty. New Jersey: Electronic & Database Publishers. Bodhani, A. (2012). Shops offer the e-tail experience. Engineering & Technology, 7 (5), 46-49. Bruce, M., & Daly, L. (2011). Adding value: challenges for UK apparel supply chain management–a review. Production Planning & Control, 22 (3), 210-220. Chan, S. L., & Ip, W. H. (2011). A dynamic decision support system to predict the value of customer for new product development. Decision Support Systems, 52 (1), 178-188. Clipper Logistics. (2013). Evolution vs Revolution. ‘Death of the High StreetRetrieved July 18, 2014, from http://www.clippergroup.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Future-Forum-Conference-Brochure.indd-2.pdf El-Manstrly, D., Paton, R., Veloutsou, C., & Moutinho, L. (2011). An empirical investigation of the relative effect of trust and switching costs on service loyalty in the UK retail banking industry. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 16 (2), 101-110. Grewal, D., Hall, K., & Robertson, J. R. (2011). Innovations in retail pricing and promotions. Journal of Retailing, 87, 543-552. Kantardzic, M. (2011). Data mining: concepts, models, methods, and algorithms. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Kumar, V., Sharma, A., Shah, R., & Rajan, B. (2013). Establishing profitable customer loyalty for multinational companies in the emerging economies: a conceptual framework. Journal of International Marketing, 21 (1), 57-80. Lawfer, M. R. (2004). Why customers come back how to create lasting customer loyalty. Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press. Linoff, G. S., & Berry, M. J. (2011). Data mining techniques: for marketing, sales, and customer relationship management. London: John Wiley & Sons. McKinsey.com. (2013). Reorganizing to build customer loyalty. Retrieved July 18, 2014, from http://www.mckinsey.com/client_service/organization/case_studies/improving_on_success Miller, J. (2012). Preparing the High Street for online shopping. Journal of Urban Regeneration and Renewal, 6 (2), 122-130. Pearson, B. (2012). The loyalty leap: turning customer information into customer intimacy. New York: Penguin Publishers. Pepe, M. S., Abratt, R., & Dion, P. (2011). The impact of private label brands on customer loyalty and product category profitability. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 20 (1), 27-36. Phan, D. D., & Vogel, D. R. (2010). A model of customer relationship management and business intelligence systems for catalogue and online retailers. Information & Management, 47 (2), 69-77. Poloian, L. G. (2009). Multichannel retailing. New York: Fairchild Books. Waters, C. D. (2010). Global logistics new directions in supply chain management. London: Kogan Page.

Homework: High School Student

Are your children stressed out, not getting enough sleep, time with family, or other time for their extracurricular activities because their amount of homework? Many people are debating about the homework policy. â€Å"Are the teachers giving too much homework, just the right amount, or to little? † I think that students should receive a limited amount of homework each school day. Other parents may disagree and think, â€Å"Homework is important. It helps educate them. † If students have a limited amount of homework, they would have less stress and more free time for other activities. When students receive too many homework assignments and are forced to stay up late to complete them, they have to stay up late which effects their sleeping hours and routines. An example is my sister’s homework. She is a high school student in her sophomore year. Every day, after school, she goes to her room and works on her homework until about 12am to 1am. Students who have to do this will be tired for the next day of school. Also, during that night of homework they go through, they receive great amounts of stress of trying to finish to sleep in the hours they are required to, but at the same time they want to achieve quality work on their assignments. They need free time for other activities without homework getting in the way. Kids should be able to play for about a couple of hours for health reasons. On the other hand, homework helps review the lesson of that day and exercises your.

The Significance of Dance in Dancing at Lughnasa

The Significance Of The Use Dance: Focusing On Pages 20 – 23 Brian Freil uses a variety of dance techniques to convey the significance of dance as a projection of universal and primal desires to which everyone is submissive. Each outburst or description of dance involving the characters gives the audience an insight to not only their true personality but also the strain of their current situations. The significance of dance and its effect on the audience is echoed throughout the play through many different circumstances, the positioning of each routine is also very important as it connects with true meaning of the dance, therefore intensifying atmosphere on which it brings. Pages 20 to 23 highlight this greatly as we see all of the sisters dance in unity. Page 20 sees Maggie’s monologue, here the audience become aware of how dance can be beautiful however misunderstood; â€Å"they were just so beautiful together†¦ they should have won† Explained as Maggie is describing the pure splendor of Brian and Bernie’s military two-step at a dance competition from when they were young. Although this directly does not link directly in the significance throughout the play it strengthens the aspect of a spirited connection between two people through the means of dance. This point is also enhanced with the connection between Chris and Gerry as the audience only become apparent of the sentimental emotions these characters share when she submissively begins to ballroom dance with him, at which point and further in the play all characters especially Chris soften to Gerry giving implication of the true and raw feeling they have for each other represented through their dances. This spiritual characteristic which dance beholds amongst the characters also has connotation of a form of communication that predates conversation and emotion, seeping through all cultures. This is a strong feature to Dancing At Lughnasa as the storyline is based around Freil’s use of juxtaposition of native tribal dancing and localized northern Irish dancing with the use of Father Jack. The use of Father jack; â€Å"losing his mind† on returning from Africa and resorting to African rituals and beliefs bridges strong Irish traditions to the frowned upon peaganism of the Irish mid 1930s. Depending on interpretation you could argue that Freil suggests this bridging of cultures throughout the play to enhance the technique of juxtaposition. An example being in the ironic connection between Jack’s description of an African ceremony shortly followed by the unofficial wedding of Chris and Gerry described also, as a ceremony of an elegant and precise ballroom dance. Also on page 21; â€Å"patterns her face with an instant mask† The stage direction describing Maggie’s fanatical dance and how she stripes her cheeks with flour. This gives suggestion of connotation, which could be implying the link between typical tribal face paint used for rituals and dances in native Africa and Maggie’s flour â€Å"mask†. In addition this too gives implication of Maggie being ‘out of character’ and acting peaganistic, again, strengthening the thought of dance being a universal and primal desire bridging cultures due to subconscious human nature. The radical and fanatical dancing of the sisters on page 21 is also important in understanding how Freil communicates the characters personalities and thoughts to the audience in the stage directions of each dance. Freil uses the ‘Marconi‘ as a dramatic device to plunge the scene into dance with the slow introduction of sound; â€Å" until the sound has established itself† this could show how the beat and rhythm of the music is actually the subconscious of the characters. However, another interpretation could be that the slow introduction is the metaphorical gradual dispatch from reality into a fantasy of dance coated by repressed desire and latent passion. This would explain how Maggie’s â€Å"features become animated by a look of defiance† as it is a result of the realization of her repression which has grew from since she was young that manifests itself with defiance. It would too explain how as each character becomes submissive to the rhythm, the beat becomes more frantic and uncomfortably loud because each of the sisters is now projecting suppressed emotions with a feeling of force and urgency. This shows how the stage directions also give implication to the character’s psychological state. Other characters such as Rose, who follows Maggie’s chants and calls and is the second to â€Å"leap† into dance, this could be an indication of Rose’s suggestive character and how she yielding to those offering attention such as Danny Bradley, her supposed lover. Rose is then followed by Agnes who is described to dance the most â€Å"gracefully and sensuously† out of the sisters which could represent her soft, and delicate personality highlighted through her caring actions towards Rose, and the household keeping earlier in the play. However the most significant character’s performance in this dance is Kate, the audience have been subjected to her objection to the festival at Lughnasa and peaganistic dance traditions yet as the final sister to join we see Kate preform a complex dance; â€Å"alone, totally concentrated, totally private† and although the other sisters are chanting and screaming together, Kate is in silence. This outburst is one of the most fundamental moments in the play as a whole, as the audience are taken back by Kate’s obscure and out of character reaction to the rhythm. Being the last to plunge into dance and the first to stop shows how Kate is conceited and is against the force which dance holds, however her ominous actions are clearly full of true of emotion which represents her true personality one of passion and complete feeling. The intensity and isolated feel of her performance is a representation of the distance between her and her sisters caused by the strain of keeping the family together, which is ironically, obviously falling apart. At the end of the stage directions on page 22, the audience are aware of the significance of Freil’s use of dance. The brutality and grotesque atmosphere of the dance is the projection of the unstable state the family is in, as each sister is under independent and personal strains. Which appeals to the audiences’ emotional and psycho-analytic understanding therefore creating two layers within Friel’s production. By using this form of communication frequently throughout the play the audience can therefore connect with the characters and relate to their created personalities to prehaps, feelings of their own. Dance, in the production of Dancing at Lughnasa is consequently not only a connective device between the audience and the characters as it is a projection of primal desires, but also a representation of repressed feeling and emotion of which the characters cannot express verbally.

A Critique on Fat Acceptance

â€Å"Fat Acceptance: A Basic Primer† by the Vancouver-based author Cynara Geissler is a remonstration against the relentless pursuit of conforming to the socially approved body structure by paining one’s body and soul (3). Appearing in Geez Magazine for the first time this essay germinates new energy in the fat-acceptance movement in 21 st century. The author in this essay heavily protests against food moralizing and idealizing a certain parameter for body dimension. It has been an important issue indeed in the contemporary world, where everything including human body is being precariously rhapsodized under the influence of glamour industry. The author precisely points out the perils of blindly following the ideal of a thin body pleasing to the eyes of society and presents her argument on how this vain pursuit has been affecting the overall physical and mental health of the people. Geissler happens to be a staunch supporter of fat acceptance movement since she herself has experienced the consequences of hazardous dieting due to the plight of mind body shaming caused to her. She describes how people crossing the limit of size and weight dictated by the fashion magazines or movies become victims of society’s pre-conceived notions. They are often termed as â€Å"lazy, undisciplined, incapable and out of control† for no good reason (Geissler 2). Ironically, this adverse pressure comes from the health and diet industry itself who oblivion of the fact that health is to be fit and strong and not conforming to a particular body shape consistently tends to criticize the term fat. This has made the stigma of fat so ingrained in the minds of people that they forget to be tolerant of even normal sized people, â€Å"The West, especially the U.S., operates under gendered ideas of beauty that emphasize thinness as the ideal body type† (Williams 15). Apart from people in the society, this obsession also works in the persons who look at themselves with the eyes of established norms and start condemning their own body. Thus begins the relentless process of dieting and losing of weight without caring about the very idea of health. This compelling pressure comes from the very circle of â€Å"misinformed friends, relatives and health care professionals† who try to fit the non-conforming people into the size boxes which glamour industry has created over the years (Clair et al. 230). Sometimes this vain pursuit results in deadly consequence to the body or if not that leaves the mind in a dispirited state. The inevitable reaction that they develop for their body is self-denigration and an intense revulsion for their own self, which arise out of the rejection they face in their social existence (Bombak 15). This increases an inclination to the falsely advertised solutions claiming to fix one’s body; undoubtedly, this busines s trend capitalizing on the degrading approach to human body is harmful beyond imagination. The fat acceptance movement has, therefore, immense importance in this context since it primarily teaches people to be tolerant of all body sizes and weight as well as rejects all myths that make people suffer in the name of diet. The movement, which includes all successful professionals from different fields, questions about â€Å"efficacy of shame as a motivational tool†; quoting Allison it can be said â€Å"that suffering does not ennoble; it destroys†. It shatters not only the necessity of the compelling act of repentance in food and working habits but denies the efficacy of self-sacrifice to achieve the self-styled success of possessing a ‘perfect’ body (Geissler 2). We can fairly agree to the idea of accepting fat because undoubtedly it is a noble initiative. Fat shaming does not really do anything positive for one’s body rather only builds up hostility and aversion between the obese person and the rest of the society. By the virtue of the move ment, people have relearned to live their life without being worried about the social fixity- â€Å"thinner is better†. It entitles body autonomy to a person and reaffirms the fact that the concept of health is not necessarily affixed to any specific size or weight. In addition, fat acceptance endows a person with all the gratification about oneself and grants access to an enjoyable life. Probably the most important reason for agreeing to Geissler’s idea of fat acceptance is that it formulates acceptance to ‘Health at Every Size’ (Geissler 3). Besides, the movement has always emphasized liberty in the choice of food, personal presentation and physical activity that gives forth the need of that person and mere imitation of body shaming views. While we can agree to the most part of Geissler’s views, there remains some domains in her essay that are likely to catch objections. She takes body autonomy to another level where she has almost denied the necessity of having healthy food at times. According to her experience, having healthy food and working out has been a punishment whereas it cannot be denied that these things are intrinsic to a fit and healthy body. The autonomy of food may catalyze the peril of obesity but surprisingly the author evades such a significant relevant issue in this context. On the other hand, the idea of ‘Health at Every Size’ seems to be very vague in the essay. While it proclaims that, having anorexia cannot be considered as a sign of health and that it is damage for the body, it continues to maintain the idea of an extremely obese person being capable of leading an active life despite the diseased physical condition. In fact, both the extreme poles of weight scale are equally dangerous and the essay has missed to profess this vital medical truth. Apart from this, food addiction often leads to serious medical problems, which the fat acceptant people either consciously or unconsciously do not admit. Thinking that one’s own body is his or her own business and the person can feed it to any extent is entirely a misconception for it really cannot be approved to feed oneself to ill health. This is especially applicable to the rapidly increasing child obesity problem all over the world and the major cause aggravating the problem is the arbitrary food habit among children. It should not be that the fat acceptance movement carries any wrong message to them making them ailing and sedentary. The movement of fat liberation, therefore, must not give opportunity to people to be unapologetic and remain gratified despite their excess weight. Having discussed all the aspects of the essay, both that have been explored and those of the possible approaches that have been missed by the author it can be concluded that approving fat is not the goal but accepting the fat ones as equal is. The author successfully holds up the idea that it is high time the fat people accept their body image in a positive light instead of constantly living in the shadow of a fat-fearing culture. The concept of ‘Health at Every Size’ necessarily involves spontaneous yet conscious eating while regulating weight at the same time. Therefore, while acknowledging the words of Geissler, it can be stated that there is nothing indecent and degrading in a fat body that should be associated with shame and subjected to agonizing diet and excruciating physical exercise. Rather, as the author conveys, fat acceptance is that one revolutionary idea that advocates tolerance, size acceptance, equality for all body types, weight neutrality and most signi ficantly body positivity. Bombak, Andrea E. "The Contribution Of Applied Social Sciences To Obesity Stigma-Related Public Health Approaches". 2014. Clair, Matthew, Caitlin Daniel, and Michà ¨le Lamont. "Destigmatization and health: Cultural constructions and the long-term reduction of stigma."  Social Science & Medicine  165 (2016): 223-232. Geissler, Cynara. "Fat Acceptance: A Basic Primer". Geezmagazine.Org, 2010, https://geezmagazine.org/magazine/article/fat-acceptance-a-basic-primer/. Williams, Apryl A. "Fat People of Color: Emergent Intersectional Discourse Online."  Social Sciences  6.1 (2017): 15.

Business Environment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business Environment - Assignment Example Coca Cola daily servings have increased from an average of nine servings at the inception to more than 1.8 billion daily servings per day. Coca Cola employs more than 150,000 people globally and is the leading provider of sparkling beverages, fruit juices and ready to drink coffees and teas (Coca Cola 2013). Indeed, Coca Cola is the largest global beverage company with operations and production facilities spanning six operating regions that include North America, Latin America, Europe, Eurasia and Africa, Pacific and Bottling investments. Coca Cola is geared at refreshing the world through inspiring moments of optimism through its actions and brands (Coca Cola 2013). The company aims at creating value and making a difference through its brands and activities. On the other hand, Calypso Soft Drinks Ltd is committed to the produce and supply of fruit juices and soft drinks in the United Kingdom and offers a variety of beverages such as ice lollies, mineral water ice cubesm, aqua juices , juicy aids, juicy waters, and freezepops (Coca Cola 2013). Calypso Soft drinks aims at satisfying its wide range of clients that include wholesalers, supermarkets, caterers and schools in the UK. The goals, mission and objectives of Calypso Soft Drinks Ltd is to create delicious soft drinks and freeze products that refresh and are tasty to the consumers (Calypso Soft Drinks 2013). ... Coca Cola vision 2020 acts as the framework for creating the long-term destination of the business operations through understanding market trends and forces that will shape the nature of business operations in the future (Coca Cola 2013). The vision of Coca Cola is to attain sustainable and quality growth through meeting the needs of the stakeholders (Coca Cola 2013). For instance, the company is committed to creating a great workplace and empowering the employees through constant employee engagement, excellent training and development opportunities and open and inclusive employment policies (Sadler and Craig 2003). Coca Cola is committed to nurturing mutual relationships and creating value for its network of partners while at the same time remaining a lean and profitable organization. The company is committed to environmental conservation through helping ensure sustainable communities and minimizing environmental degradation through pollution (Sadler and Craig 2003). Impact of UK ec onomic system on Coca Cola Company The UK economic system is favorable for Coca Cola business operations. The UK is currently experiencing economic recovery from the adverse economic and financial crisis that were experienced after the collapse of the housing boom in 2008 (Langdana 2009). The UK is a mixed economy with both state and private sector contributing to the overall growth and prosperity of the economy (Sadler and Craig 2003). The UK is the seventh largest economy in the globe in terms of purchasing power parity and nominal gross domestic product. Some prominent economic sectors include livestock industry, agriculture, pharmaceutical, and oil and gas industries (Bamford and Grant 2000). The UK

Customary law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Customary law - Essay Example This essay discusses that customary laws still reside the basis of new laws in modern societies. For instance in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries custom laws takes the form of common law. Modern legal issues such as the application of commerce laws to the internet in the 1990s, started as customary laws. For custom laws to be applied in the international law it needs to have met three conditions. One it should have widespread recurrence in that many states need to be applying that law in their countries. Secondly, each nation should have a sense of obligation to have the set standard and in enforcing the laws. Third the laws should bring about little dispute among the states internationally to be able to be applied. Customary legal systems tend to the following basic principle in their application. One there should be a strong concern for individual rights. Two; laws enforced by victims backed by reciprocal agreements. Thirdly, standard adjudication procedures mu st be observed to avoid violence. Four offences treated as torts punishable through economic restitution, five legal changes by means of an evolutionary process of developing customs and norms. Cultural law can be seen to have some advantages for the following reasons. They are flexible and easy to implement to suit the situation at hand. Because most of the customary laws are from the peoples who believe they are normally are easily changed and accepted. The peoples and the community’s cultures are given some sense of recognition by these customary laws hence making them easily acceptable to many people in the world. It also gives assurances to the minorities in the world that their way of life is given some preference in the application of law universally3. Through the application of customary laws, it gives the people a sense of belonging and recognition in the application of the laws. Most customary laws have undergone changes in their content, interpretation, and enforce ment. While changing, they can also stagnate if amid their evolution, the people give them a rigid interpretation especially if the customs continue when their social base has changed. A community may justify their continuance or avoidance by stating that its forefathers have ordained them. The customary laws change also when they are codified particularly when the formal system that has a written document as its base recognizes them. Discussion Presently, in a majority of cases, where customary law conflicts with domestic law the latter prevails, the exception being where a national law can be shown to conflict with constitutionally recognized customary rights. In such cases, the aggrieved party will still need the authorities to amend the offending legislation, and to take such remedial measures as may be required to redress any wrong, which has occurred. In some cases, there may be little hope of redress where irreversible exploitation of resources has occurred. Where no constitu tional protection exists, communities will forever be dependent upon the goodwill of the national authorities, as legislative action can at any time result in the abrogation of ancestral rights. Customary law and practice may be undermined by adoption of culturally insensitive national laws. Similarly, traditional authority is being eroded as those unhappy with their decisions seek

Performance Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Performance Management - Essay Example Moreover, assessment of standards of such places can play a vital role in the identification of status of performance management system. The test identified 13 common rater errors. What are five of them? How would you use knowledge of those five to decide what is being done well and what is being done poorly in an organization’s behavioral assessment process? Some of the rate errors identified by the text are primacy, severity, leniency, attribution, contrast, and negativity errors. It is observed that all such rate errors facilitate in better carrying out of behavioral assessment process that are key to understand the status of performance in an organization. In specific, some of the rate errors help in carrying out effective decision-making processes. For instance, ratings for the entire period can be influenced by the performance in the beginning of such period through identification of primacy rate error. Secondly, actual performance of employees are not considered, and consistent rating of employees can be done by severity rate error that does the rating based on lower justification from the actual recording. On the other hand, leniency rate error is a diverse version of severity rate error that rates employees higher than allocated by their performance. In this regard, information gathered from common rate errors can play a vital r ole in assessing the performance in an organization. It is observed that managers and human resource department keeps on endeavoring to maintain and improve the quality performance in an organization, and a number of steps are taken to ensure the stability in the performance management system. In specific, on-job training and courses, on-job education, conferencing, assignments, and mentoring are some of the significant development activities that are organized for improving the effective performance in the organization. Statistics have indicated that every organization