Friday, November 29, 2019
Teaching Methods Visual and Performing Arts Essay Example
Teaching Methods: Visual and Performing Arts Essay Teaching Methods: Visual and Performing Arts Research Report Arts traditionally played an important role in the life of the human society. Naturally, it could not fail to affect education. As a result, nowadays the necessity to implement arts in the process of education is getting to be evident. In such a situation, it is necessary to apply a variety of teaching methods which basic elements and principles of arts are integrated into. Regarding this paper the possible implementation of art, its principles and elements in the educating of the 3rd-grade students will be discussed. In this respect, it is possible to recommend such methods as: Art projects as well as it is possible to involve students in the art by regularly showing them some outstanding pieces of art. The latter may be quite efficient since when students regularly see works of outstanding artists of different genres, they not simply perceive and absorb elements of art that may be found in a portrait for instance, but they learn to understand it. On the other hand, it is also possible to implement art in the classroom. For instance, it is possible to ask students to write a kind of reaction paper on the paintings they’ve just watched or compare some of them. Or else, they may also attempt to project what the paintings and basic elements of art on a literary work. For instance, it is possible to find common art elements for a painting and a literary work, such as value. At the same time, paintings produce a certain impression due to color, line, shape, form, texture, space which form the general picture within students’ mind and help them properly understand and perceive a piece of art. At the same time, in order to increase visualization and affect practically all senses it is possible to recommend to develop art projects which initially could simply be drawings reflecting the events or the main characters of the story discussed, for instance, or else it is possible to ask students to find parallels between the material they learn in the classroom and some painting. Such a comparison can help students better understand basic principles of art, such as balance, contrast, proportion, unity, etc., which are also extremely important and may be applied not only in art but in traditional subjects such as math or physics, where the notions of balance, proportion, or unity are also very important. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching Methods: Visual and Performing Arts specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching Methods: Visual and Performing Arts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching Methods: Visual and Performing Arts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus, it is necessary to emphasize that the implementation of the two methods and integration of art in the teaching process would stimulate the development and positive perception of the basic principles of arts by students. On the other hand, along with positive emotions of students, the implementation of the two methods would stimulate students’ creative thinking that is obviously positive from both artistic and teaching points of view. At the same time, it is necessary to remember that integrating art in learning process stimulates creative thinking. In fact, creative thinking is an essential condition for creation even a drawing, and certainly for evaluation of a painting and its comparison for a literary work, for instance. Anyway, art, being implemented in teaching using the methods mentioned above, unquestionably contribute to the development of students’ aesthetic views. In other words, it accommodates students to the world of beautiful, perfect and highly cult ural substances. Moreover, the implementation of the methods suggested above can be easily projected on different subjects and students could enjoy them in a different situation. For instance, both role play and drawing can be equally successfully used in literature and history lesson, for example, when characters from a literary story can be substituted by real historical figures in role play, or may also be presented in visual form using drawing. The same may be said about any other subject since the methods are to a certain extent universal, and visualization is essential in any subject. Finally, it is necessary to underline that the two methods suggested in this paper may be easily applied in the classroom for the third-grade students since it corresponds to their level of cognitive, psychological, and socio-cultural development. In fact, it is quite interesting for the students at this stage not only to learn the material of a subject but also reveal the new world of art, which had great masterpieces and long history. At the same time, they also learn basic art elements and principles which may be applied in different subjects. Thus, taking into account all above mentioned, it is possible to conclude that it is extremely important to implement art in the learning process. This implies the development of teaching methods that could contribute to the integration of art in students’ learning. In such a situation visual and performing art, such as theatrical role play and drawing seem to be quite efficient, especially at early stages of students development. In this respect, it is of paramount importance to start the implementation of these methods, as well as other similar methods, at possibly younger age so that the students could get used to such a combination of learning and art. As a result, the basic elements and principles of art would be naturally perceived by students and the learning process would be much easier than if there were no link to arts. Teaching Methods Visual and Performing Arts Essay Example Teaching Methods: Visual and Performing Arts Essay Teaching Methods: Visual and Performing Arts Research Report Arts traditionally played an important role in the life of the human society. Naturally, it could not fail to affect education. As a result, nowadays the necessity to implement arts in the process of education is getting to be evident. In such a situation, it is necessary to apply a variety of teaching methods which basic elements and principles of arts are integrated into. Regarding this paper the possible implementation of art, its principles and elements in the educating of the 3rd-grade students will be discussed. In this respect, it is possible to recommend such methods as: Art projects as well as it is possible to involve students in the art by regularly showing them some outstanding pieces of art. The latter may be quite efficient since when students regularly see works of outstanding artists of different genres, they not simply perceive and absorb elements of art that may be found in a portrait for instance, but they learn to understand it. On the other hand, it is also possible to implement art in the classroom. For instance, it is possible to ask students to write a kind of reaction paper on the paintings they’ve just watched or compare some of them. Or else, they may also attempt to project what the paintings and basic elements of art on a literary work. For instance, it is possible to find common art elements for a painting and a literary work, such as value. At the same time, paintings produce a certain impression due to color, line, shape, form, texture, space which form the general picture within students’ mind and help them properly understand and perceive a piece of art. At the same time, in order to increase visualization and affect practically all senses it is possible to recommend to develop art projects which initially could simply be drawings reflecting the events or the main characters of the story discussed, for instance, or else it is possible to ask students to find parallels between the material they learn in the classroom and some painting. Such a comparison can help students better understand basic principles of art, such as balance, contrast, proportion, unity, etc., which are also extremely important and may be applied not only in art but in traditional subjects such as math or physics, where the notions of balance, proportion, or unity are also very important. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching Methods: Visual and Performing Arts specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching Methods: Visual and Performing Arts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching Methods: Visual and Performing Arts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus, it is necessary to emphasize that the implementation of the two methods and integration of art in the teaching process would stimulate the development and positive perception of the basic principles of arts by students. On the other hand, along with positive emotions of students, the implementation of the two methods would stimulate students’ creative thinking that is obviously positive from both artistic and teaching points of view. At the same time, it is necessary to remember that integrating art in learning process stimulates creative thinking. In fact, creative thinking is an essential condition for creation even a drawing, and certainly for evaluation of a painting and its comparison for a literary work, for instance. Anyway, art, being implemented in teaching using the methods mentioned above, unquestionably contribute to the development of students’ aesthetic views. In other words, it accommodates students to the world of beautiful, perfect and highly cult ural substances. Moreover, the implementation of the methods suggested above can be easily projected on different subjects and students could enjoy them in a different situation. For instance, both role play and drawing can be equally successfully used in literature and history lesson, for example, when characters from a literary story can be substituted by real historical figures in role play, or may also be presented in visual form using drawing. The same may be said about any other subject since the methods are to a certain extent universal, and visualization is essential in any subject. Finally, it is necessary to underline that the two methods suggested in this paper may be easily applied in the classroom for the third-grade students since it corresponds to their level of cognitive, psychological, and socio-cultural development. In fact, it is quite interesting for the students at this stage not only to learn the material of a subject but also reveal the new world of art, which had great masterpieces and long history. At the same time, they also learn basic art elements and principles which may be applied in different subjects. Thus, taking into account all above mentioned, it is possible to conclude that it is extremely important to implement art in the learning process. This implies the development of teaching methods that could contribute to the integration of art in students’ learning. In such a situation visual and performing art, such as theatrical role play and drawing seem to be quite efficient, especially at early stages of students development. In this respect, it is of paramount importance to start the implementation of these methods, as well as other similar methods, at possibly younger age so that the students could get used to such a combination of learning and art. As a result, the basic elements and principles of art would be naturally perceived by students and the learning process would be much easier than if there were no link to arts.
Monday, November 25, 2019
Types of Scales in Social Science Research
Types of Scales in Social Science Research A scale is a type of composite measure that is composed of several items that have a logical or empirical structure among them. That is, scales make use of differences in intensity among the indicators of a variable. For example, when a question has the response choices of always, sometimes, rarely, and never, this represents a scale because the answer choices are rank-ordered and have differences in intensity. Another example would be strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, strongly disagree. There are several different types of scales. We’ll look at four commonly used scales in social science research and how they are constructed. Likert Scale Likert scales are one of the most commonly used scales in social science research. They offer a simple rating system that is common to surveys of all kinds. The scale is named for the psychologist who created it, Rensis Likert. One common use of the Likert scale is a survey that asks respondents to offer their opinion on something by stating the level to which they agree or disagree. It often looks like this: Strongly agreeAgreeNeither agree nor disagreeDisagreeStrongly disagree Within the scale, the individual items that compose it are called Likert items. To create the scale, each answer choice is assigned a score (for instance, 0-4), and the answers for several Likert items (that measure the same concept) can be added together for each individual to obtain an overall Likert score. For example, let’s say that were interested in measuring prejudice against women. One method would be to create a series of statements reflecting prejudiced ideas, each with the Likert response categories listed above. For example, some of the statements might be, Women shouldn’t be allowed to vote, or Women can’t drive as well as men. We would then assign each of the response categories a score of 0 to 4 (for example, assign a score of 0 to strongly disagree, a 1 to disagree, a 2 to neither agree or disagree, etc.). The scores for each of the statements would then be totaled for each respondent to create an overall score of prejudice. If we had five statements and a respondent answered strongly agree to each item, his or her overall prejudice score would be 20, indicating a very high degree of prejudice against women. Bogardus Social Distance Scale The Bogardus social distance scale was created by sociologist Emory S. Bogardus as a technique for measuring the willingness of people to participate in social relations with other kinds of people. (Incidentally, Bogardus established one of the first departments of sociology on American soil at the University of Southern California in 1915.) Quite simply, the scale invites people to state the degree to which they are accepting of other groups. Let’s say we are interested in the extent to which Christians in the U.S. are willing to associate with Muslims. We might ask the following questions: Are you willing to live in the same country as Muslims?Are you willing to live in the same community as Muslims?Are you willing to live in the same neighborhood as Muslims?Are you willing to live next door to a Muslim?Are you willing to let your son or daughter marry a Muslim? The clear differences in intensity suggest a structure among the items. Presumably, if a person is willing to accept a certain association, he is willing to accept all those that precede it on the list (those with lesser intensities), though this is not necessarily the case as some critics of this scale point out. Each item on the scale is scored to reflect the level of social distance, from 1.00 as a measure of no social distance (which would apply to question 5 in the above survey), to 5.00 measuring maximize social distance in the given scale (though the level of social distance could be higher on other scales). When the ratings for each response are averaged, a lower score indicates a greater level of acceptance than does a higher score. Thurstone Scale The Thurstone scale, created by Louis Thurstone, is intended to develop a format for generating groups of indicators of a variable that have an empirical structure among them. For example, if you were studying discrimination, you would create a list of items (10, for example) and then ask respondents to assign scores of 1 to 10 to each item. In essence, respondents are ranking the items in order of the weakest indicator of discrimination all the way to the strongest indicator. Once the respondents have scored the items, the researcher examines the scores assigned to each item by all the respondents to determine which items the respondents agreed upon most. If the scale items were adequately developed and scored, the economy and effectiveness of data reduction present in the Bogardus social distance scale would appear. Semantic Differential Scale The semantic differential scale asks respondents to answer a questionnaire and choose between two opposite positions, using qualifiers to bridge the gap between them. For instance, suppose you wanted to get respondents’ opinions about a new comedy television show. Youd first decide what dimensions to measure and then find two opposite terms that represent those dimensions. For example, enjoyable and unenjoyable, funny and not funny, relatable and not relatable. You would then create a rating sheet for respondents to indicate how they feel about the television show in each dimension. Your questionnaire would look something like this:                 Very Much     Somewhat     Neither     Somewhat     Very MuchEnjoyable                             X                                                                     UnenjoyableFunny                                                                                             X          Not FunnyRelatable                                                 X                                                  Unrelatable
Thursday, November 21, 2019
The Ethics Of Software Piracy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
The Ethics Of Software Piracy - Research Paper Example Introduction Software piracy is a process of the illegal replication of applications and software. Additionally, the software piracy is known as pessimistically influencing the users by raising prices as well as minimizing finances for exploration and advancements of upcoming inventions of software. At the present, software piracy has become a well known term and is getting augmented attention of software development firms. In view of the fact that majority of software is utilized with exclusive rights as well as created by other corporations can be used with some limitations (such as duration of software use, license period). In this scenario, software development businesses are implementing severe restrictions along with copyright rules and regulations against such types of the prohibited actions. However, all these measures are not enough. There is a dire need for more enhanced actions and methods for restricting such types of activities (Online Ethics Center for Engineering; BizO ffice). This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of software piracy as an unethical issue in IT field. This paper also outlines the typical reasons that people use to justify their piracy activities. Software Piracy The illegal duplication of computer software is known is software piracy. Though majority of computer users at present know that unauthorized utilization and replication of software is unlawful and unethical, but many of them demonstrate a general disrespect for the significance of considering software as precious intellectual possessions. In this regard, national copyright rules as well as regulations are used to secure the computer software. These rules define that users are not authorized to create a copy of particular software for some other cause than as an archival support without authorization of the copyright owner (archive support means data or information developed through those software such as docs files are developed by MS Word but we can make as many co pies of docs files and store them). On the other hand, the illegal replica of computer software can also be recognized as theft. In this regard, in 1990, the PC software business faced a loss of $2.4 billion in the US only as well as more than $10 billion globally, from some comprehensive approximations by the Software Publishers Association. In fact, computer software piracy is not same as copying other media that is recorded, like that compact disks as well as videotapes, for the reason that there is no deprivation in the value of the copy produced. Additionally, the computer business is the only business that allows the customer to become a developer’s assistant. In this scenario, customer plays an important role in the development of that software. A software application copied again and again will work accurately similar to the genuine. However, the actual software which took years to be built can be duplicated or copied in a fraction of seconds. Though software is costl y to build up, however some low cost Personal Computer can be employed to produce an inexpensive copy of the software (BizOffice; Kayne; Safe-Net). Therefore software piracy is considered as a most serious unethical issue and requires extensive attentions along with public awareness for protection of the intellectual property. Types of Software Piracy There are different types of
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Currently on display at the galleria borghese in rome, Gian Lorenzo Essay
Currently on display at the galleria borghese in rome, Gian Lorenzo Berninis - Essay Example Keri A. Miller, an arts professor, makes such an observation upon referencing the minute attention that Bernini gave to the depiction of fear on Proserpina's face, the anatomical accuracy of the sculpted forms, the ferocity of Pluto's expression and the dimpling of Proserpina's skin. The overall effect is one of such complete realism that the viewer tends to loose sight of the fact that the sculpture is in hard, lifeless, white marble. The artistry, in other words, is such that the figures in this sculpture appear to be infused with the vitality of struggle, whether in the rippling of the muscles, the positioning of the limbs, or the expression on the face of either (Miller). As stated in the Wikepedia article on Bernini, his artistic talent was such that it lent "glamorous dynamism to once stony stillness," and brought marble to life ("Gian Lorenzo Bernini"). Possibly due to the realism characterising this particular work, art critics and observers have, over the centuries, interpreted it as something more than an artistic rendition of a particular Greek myth. As briefly mentioned by Emil Kren and Daniel Marx, some have interpreted the sculpture as a highlighting the fusion between life and death.
Monday, November 18, 2019
People resourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
People resourcing - Essay Example These changes offer organizations opportunities and challenges for success in equal measure. These conditions cause the change the nature of human resource planning. Success in the current dynamic market requires companies to improve performance. Improvement includes reducing costs, improving quality, innovativeness, creativity, and speed aimed at productivity. These duties rest on people who make up the organization because they make both long-term and short term organizational solutions. Human resources encompass most important resources in any organization that operates with the aim of achieving success (Wernerfelt 1984, 19). A volatile business environment means that the management of business organizations must comprehend that primary means of gaining competitive advantage have changed. The business world has seen various companies collapse in the economic recession that is slowly being managed. Companies hit by the recession range from world leading insurance, manufacturing, an d processing companies. National governments across the world had to salvage some the companies to save them from imminent collapse. The environment saw other companies close their operations in some parts of the world to minimise expenditure. The economic downturn did not spare national economies with Greece’s economically crumbling. The European Union is struggling to help the country resuscitate its economy. Italy is also struggling. Human resource planning must be used to develop new strategies that will help the company remain competitive in the market. Human resource planning helps the company to consider issues that enable gaining of competitive advantage. The management of companies should recognize that usual sources of success are still reliable but human resource planning enhances sustainability of success. Usual mechanisms that lead to success include economies of scale, production technology that covers both process and product, and protected markets. The input b y success factors offers competitive advantage. Human resources appear at the top of the ladder in the management hierarchy of organizations. This illustrates their importance in the running of business companies. Human resources management conducts job analysis processes before recruiting qualified employees with appropriate skills for specific jobs. It also enhances commitment of employees and makes sure that the company retains the best by taking care of their welfare (Lado 1994, 31). When the human resource department does this, it motivates employees because it takes care of the needs of the workforce. A business organization enjoys a competitive advantage by creating value for its clients. The organization must focus on product and service differentiation. It is important that the company give services and products that are unique. To do this, human resources must single out different markets and treat them as individuals. The concentration should be on particular market segme nts or groups and make sure that the products and services they receive are effective and more efficient than those provided by competitors are in the same market (Wright 2007, 56). In the process of achieving competitive advantage, human resources take a three-pronged approach including cost leadership,
Saturday, November 16, 2019
The Short Story The Necklace English Literature Essay
The Short Story The Necklace English Literature Essay Guy de Maupassants short story The Necklace was first published in the Paris newspaper Le Gaulois on February 17, 1884, and he was successfully incorporated into Tales of Night, his 1885 collection of short stories. Like most Maupassant short fiction, it was an instantaneous achievement, and it has become his most widely read and anthologized story (Smith Christopher). The Necklace describes Madame Loisel as beautiful and born into an average family. She is unsatisfied with her impoverished life and decides to borrow a diamond necklace from a former rich friend to fulfill her happiness. Maupassant presents the theme that one should be true to ones self trough his use of situational irony by which he tells the story of Madame Loisel. Maupassant describes Mathildes external conflicts in the story The Necklace. Though she is pretty and charming(1), she does not appreciate anything in life. She feels her life should have been blessed with wealth. Although her husband works at a ministry of education as a minor clerk, the money he is bringing to his wife is not enough for the kind of life Mathilde has always dreamed of. For instance, her vision is to live in a mansion, dinning in famous restaurants, and dance among the riches (1). She is embarrassed of her poor lifestyle, and decides not to invite any of her former friends who become rich to her home. Therefore, she suffers enormously because her whole life has been based on deficiency of luxury. The love of her husband Charles and the efforts he makes to keep his family healthy is not enough to please Mathilde. However, she happens to be a self-centered person who cares only about her appearance, instead of being thankful for the love of her husband. The author anal yzes Mathildes internal conflicts in the story. She is unhappy and miserable. She is disappointed in herself because she thinks she deserves more than she has. Mathilde appears to be a round person; although she is attractive and pretty, she also seems depressed because of the lack of money. She is a dynamic person; she is not content with herself because her husband is not well off financially. Otherwise, she would be a cheerful person if her husband was wealthy. Guy de Maupassant describes the characters verbal irony in the story; Monsieur Loisel makes an effort to invite his wife to a ball dance because he thinks she would be pleased to get out of the house. However, Mathilde chooses to reject her husbands invitation by saying, Give your invitation to some colleague whose wife has a more suitable gown than I(2). She concerned more about her look and what others might think of her. Still, she convinces her husband to take money out of their life savings to buy a lovely dress for the occasion. Mathildes irony in the story is discontentment because she does not have anything to wear with the dress; she realizes she needs a jewel to look her best, so she will not appear as poor as she is among the women at the ministry. Furthermore, Mathilde goes to her former friend to borrow one of her diamond necklaces, which she loses unexpectedly. In the story The Necklace, the situational irony occurs when Mathilda sacrifices her life for years to work tw ice as hard to repay the loan they take to return the necklace. She loses her beauty; she looks older, and there are traces of gray in her hair(4). She ruins her husband and her life by not making a smart choice, and her selfishness causes her familys pain. Nevertheless, the dramatic irony happens when she comes to learn the diamond necklace she loses is an imitation. The resolution of the story reveals that Mathilde realizes she made a fool of herself for not telling her friend exactly what had happened to the necklace. Therefore, she wastes her husbands and her time for nothing to replace something that was not even real. The writer points out the theme of the story as Malthilde cares only about her appearance, and her greed puts her through so much suffering in life. She should appreciate the sacrifice that her husband makes for her to buy the dress. Her attention is to dance joyfully with everyone, intoxicates with pleasure, and to be on a cloud of happiness(3). She does not worry too much about her husbands feeling toward his happiness. However, she comes to discover the diamond necklace she borrows from Madame Forestier is missing, her husband Monsieur Loisel sympathetically helps her look for the necklace. Moreover, he sacrifices everything he can in his life to help his wife replace the necklace. She confidently lies to Madame Loisel about the necklace. Possibly, if she has told the truth, all the pain and misery could have been avoided. Besides all the pain she puts Monsieur Loisel through, Mathilde wishes she married a wealthy man, but she is a poor girl with no dowry to offer (2). Money and m aterial things have stopped her to improve the living she desires. As a result, she loses her beauty and works harder to replace a necklace that is fake. In simpler terms, Mathilde and her husbands lives were touch in a bad way. She only cares about her happiness and does not even think how is her decision is going to affect others and her life later. In order for her to attend the occasion with her husband, she makes Monsieur Loisel go out of his way to purchase a new dress for her. After all, she is not gratified with the effort; she comes to a conclusion to borrow a diamond necklace to fulfill her happiness. At the end, she loses her charm. Not only does she have to pay for it, her husbands life also comes to devastation. In life, she should always be happy with the little she has. Hopefully, Mathilde learns her lesson and recognizes the value of what she has
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
Sicilian Meta-Network Essay -- Social Issues, Mafioso Families
Mafioso families have network structures that are distinct from those in typical hierarchical organizationsâ€â€they are cellular and distributed. While most politicians and law enforcement agents have at least an intuitive understanding of hierarchies and how to affect their behavior, they have less of an understanding of how to even go about reasoning about dynamic networked organizations (Ronfelt and Arquilla, 2001). It is even more difficult to understand how such networks will evolve, change, adapt and how they can be destabilized. Clearly social network analysis can be applied to the study of covert networks (Sparrow, 1991). However, it would be a mistake to assume that in order to understand these networks we just need to â€Å"connect the dots†and then isolate the â€Å"key†actors who are often defined in terms of their â€Å"centrality†in the network. To an extent, this is right, as in the case of bridging members embedded within patron-client networks. However, within covert networks such as Cosa Nostra, this assumption belies the difficulty of â€Å"connecting the dots†in terms of mining vast quantities of information, pattern matching on characteristics for mafiosi who often go under multiple aliases, and still ending up with information the may be intentionally misleading, inaccurate, out-of-date, and incomplete. Further, this belies the difficulty in â€Å"knowing†who is the most central when you have at best only a sample of the network. Finally, and critically, this approach does not contend with the most pressing problemâ€â€the underlying network is dynamic. Just because you isolate a key actor today does not mean that the network will be destabilized and unable to respond. Rather, it is possible, that isolating such an actor may have... ...ertise is critical. This is particularly applicable to Cosa Nostra considering that, according to Gambetta, mafiosi are highly specialized according to specific tasks. (Gambetta 67) There are two key themes underlying these results. First, it is easier to determine how to impact the performance or the flow of information through an organization than it is to determine exactly how it will adapt. It is easier to destabilize a network than to determine what new goals it will form or new tasks it will take on. This is a function of our lack of knowledge about the processes of adaptation other than learning. Second, the relative impact of destabilization strategies strongly depends on the underlying organizational architecture, that is, on the meta-network itself. As such, a key interpretation of these results is in terms of destabilizing different classes of networks.
Monday, November 11, 2019
Since southern plantation
African Americans keenly engaged in the cause of American independence, fought courageously in the early conflicts with the British. Though the revolution liberated some African Americans and set the country on a path toward the elimination of slavery, political adjustment to plantation owners prevented release for many African Americans in the south for another 90 years.A Negro was among the first martyrs in the wave of patriotism. African Americans fought at the battles of Lexington and Concord. One of the last men injured in the battle as the British runaway to Boston was a Negro, Prince Estabrook, from West Lexington.In the next 2 months, Peter Salem and other 20 African Americans were in the ranks, when the British attacked an American site outside Boston in the Battle of Bunker Hill. Congress required support from the South if the colonies were to triumph in their independence war against England.Since southern plantation owners desired to keep their slaves, they were scared to give arms to African Americans. (Lawler, 2002)On March 5, 1770, Crispus Attucks along with several other patriots from Boston objected to the British restricting the civil liberties in their Massachusetts colony.Attucks and his fellows were shot and killed during a fight with British soldiers. More than 5,000 African Americans later took up the cause and fight for America’s independence. Unluckily, independence for most African Americans would have to wait. (Owens, 2002)Congress commanded all African Americans to be terminated from the army, but African American veterans requested directly to George Washington. Washington took up their cause with John Hancock, the then president of the Continental Congress. African Americans serving in the army were permitted to stay, but new hiring was prohibited.Though the Declaration of Independence affirms that â€Å"all men were created equal,†many African Americans shortly observed more prospects on the British side. The Britis h governor of Virginia assured instant independence and income to any Negro who would join the Royal army.The devotions of African Americans were a grave concern for the American leaders for the reason that African Americans were around twenty percent out of the two-million colonial population. With the British army already in obvious majority, the American troops, and hiring hard for the patriots, the northern colonies before long began to recruit African Americans.Rhode Island formed a regiment almost completely of African Americans. As the battle continued, colonies which were far south like for instance Virginia and Maryland were enlisting free African Americans for the independence war.As the war stretched out into the South, Congress realized it needed to enlist slaves as soldiers. It suggested paying South Carolina slave owners $1,000 for male slaves. The South Carolina Assembly warned to leave the war, ending the plan in the southernmost colonies.Enlistment of African Americ ans to the American independence continued further north, but the patriots were comparatively less triumphant than the British.The proposal of instant independence completed by Virginia’s inauspicious loyalist governor was eventually made by the British all through the colonies. Slaves joined the British in immense quantity. (Owens, 2002)The fate of the loyalist African Americans varied considerably. Several became the creators of the British colony of Sierra Leone in West Africa.Although the British proposed slaves a better deal, many African Americans continued serving on the American side. African Americans had been in the labor force on ships and at seaports for long. A large number of troops of African Americans combating on the American side were brought to the continent by the French.The actual role of African Americans in the revolution is hard to quantify. Pennsylvania, in 1780, became the first colony to pass a law against slavery. Vermont ruled out slavery and Conn ecticut and Rhode Island passed steady liberation laws. The international slave trade was abolished in 1808. (Lawler, 2002)A bang in cotton production stretched the slave economy in the lower part of Mississippi Valley. Slave nations were cautious to organize at least half the political influence in the national government, jamming any federal progress in opposition to slavery until the Civil War.Thousands of African American Soldiers from 13 colonies battled in the Continental militia throughout America’s war for independence from Great Britain. African American Soldiers exchanged blows in every major fight of the war, usually in included units.A noteworthy exemption was the 1st Rhode Island Regiment which was first all-African American unit. In 1778 the regiment overpowered three attacks by the British all through the mà ªlà ©e for Rhode Island and later on in 1781 they contributed in the conquest at Yorktown.In the year 1778, they brawled in the combat of Rhode Island on the Island of Aquidneck. They effectively held their line for four hours against British-Hessian attacks, allowing the whole American Army to run away.The regiment saw additional service during the Revolutionary War, including Yorktown. Unluckily, these Negro soldiers did not receive any reimbursement for their service after the conflicts.Several Americans recognized the paradox of slave African Americans fighting under the flag of the Declaration of Independence. Slave labour created the great export crops of the South like for instance indigo, tobacco, naval stores and rice. Who could forecast what escape from the British Empire might indicate for Negro people in America?Lord Dunmore, Virginia’s British governor, swiftly saw the susceptibility of the South's slaveholders. Dunmore and the British were soon debarred from Virginia, but the panorama of previous fortified slaves combating beside the British must have struck trepidation into cultivation experts across the South. (Owens, 2002)ConclusionAn approximated 5,000 African American soldiers served the patriot side during the Revolutionary War. Vigilant contrasts between muster rolls and church, census, and other accounts have lately assisted to recognize many African American soldiers. The employment of African Americans as soldiers was circumvented by General Washington and the parliament early in the warfare. The panorama of fortified slave rebellions confirmed more intimidating to the white society rather than British redcoats.General Washington permitted the recruitment of free African Americans with â€Å"prior military experience†in January 1776, and expanded the enlistment conditions to all free African Americans in January 1777 in order to help fill up the worn-out ranks of the Continental Army. Because the states continuously were unsuccessful to meet their allocation of manpower for the army, Congress approved the enlistment of all African Americans, free and slave, in 1777.Out of all the southern nations, only Maryland allowed African Americans to hire. In 1779, Congress proposed slave masters in South Carolina and Georgia $1,000 for every slave they gave to the army, but the parliaments of both states declined the proposal. Thus, the North holds the highest number of African American soldiers in the American army. (Owens, 2002)The Revolution modified lives of some African Americans, though nothing approaching full equality. The brave martial service of African Americans and the ground-breaking character eliminated slavery in New England almost instantly. Many of the founders hoped that slavery would ultimately vanish from the American SouthReferencesLawler, Edward, Jr., â€Å"Letters recognize those who served George Washington in Philly as distinct individuals,†Philadelphia Inquirer, August 28, 2002Owens, Robert M., â€Å"Jean Baptiste Ducoigne, the Kaskaskias, and the Limits of Thomas Jefferson’s Friendships,†Journal of Illinois Hi story, 5:2 (Summer 2002), 109-136
Friday, November 8, 2019
Max Born and the Discovery of the Born Rule
Max Born and the Discovery of the Born Rule Max Born (December 11, 1882–January 5, 1970) was a German physicist who played an important role in the development of quantum mechanics. He is known for the â€Å"Born rule,†which provided a statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics and enabled researchers in the field to predict results with specific probabilities. Born won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his fundamental contributions to quantum mechanics. Fast Facts: Max Born Occupation: PhysicistKnown For: Discovery of the Born rule, a statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics.Born: December 11, 1882 in Breslau, PolandDied: January 5, 1970 in Gà ¶ttingen, GermanySpouse: Hedwig EhrenbergChildren: Irene, Margarethe, GustavFun Fact: The singer and actress Olivia Newton-John, who starred in the 1978 musical film Grease with John Travolta, is the granddaughter of Max Born. Early Life Max Born was born on December 11, 1882 in Breslau (now Wroclaw) Poland. His parents were Gustav Born, an embryologist at the University of Breslau, and Margarete (Gretchen) Kaufmann, whose family worked in textiles. Born had a younger sister named Kthe. At a young age, Born attended school at the Kà ¶nig Wilhelms Gymnasium in Breslau, studying Latin, Greek, German, history, languages, math, and physics. There, Born may have been inspired by his math teacher, Dr. Maschke, who showed the students how wireless telegraphy worked. Born’s parents died at an early age: his mother when Born was 4, and his father shortly before Born finished school at the Gymnasium. College and Early Career Afterwards, Born took courses on a variety of science, philosophy, logic, and math subjects at Breslau University from 1901–1902, following his father’s advice to not specialize in a subject too soon at college. He also attended the Universities of Heidelberg, Zà ¼rich, and Gà ¶ttingen. Peers at Breslau University had told Born about three mathematics professors at Gà ¶ttingen – Felix Klein, David Hilbert, and Hermann Minkowski. Born went out of favor with Klein due to his irregular attendance at classes, though he subsequently impressed Klein by solving a problem on elastic stability at a seminar without reading the literature. Klein then invited Born to enter a university prize competition with the same problem in mind. Born, however, did not initially take part, offending Klein again. Born changed his mind and later entered, winning the University of Breslau’s Philosophy Faculty Prize for his work on elasticity and obtaining a PhD in mathematics on the subject in 1906 under his doctoral advisor Carl Runge. Born subsequently went to Cambridge University for about six months, attending lectures by J. J. Thomson and Joseph Larmor. He went back to Gà ¶ttingen to collaborate with the mathematician Hermann Minkowski, who died after a few weeks due to an operation for appendicitis. In 1915, Born was offered a professor position at the University of Berlin. However, the opportunity coincided with the beginning of World War I. Born joined the German air force and worked on sound ranging. In 1919, after World War I, Born became a professor at the University of Frankfurt-am-Main. Discoveries in Quantum Mechanics In 1921, Born returned to the University of Gà ¶ttingen as a professor, a post he held for 12 years. At Gà ¶ttingen, Born worked on the thermodynamics of crystals, then became primarily interested in quantum mechanics. He collaborated with Wolfgang Pauli, Werner Heisenberg, and a number of other physicists who would also make groundbreaking advances in quantum mechanics. These contributions would help lay out the foundation of quantum mechanics, particularly its mathematical treatment. Born saw that some of Heisenberg’s calculus was equivalent to matrix algebra, a formalism that is used extensively in quantum mechanics today. Furthermore, Born considered the interpretation of Schrà ¶dinger’s wavefunction, an important equation for quantum mechanics, which had been discovered in 1926. Though Schrà ¶dinger had provided a way to describe how the wavefunction describing a system changed over time, it was unclear exactly what the wavefunction corresponded to. Born concluded that the square of the wavefunction could be interpreted as a probability distribution that would predict the result given by a quantum mechanical system when it was measured. Though Born first applied this discovery, now known as the Born rule, to help explain how waves scattered, it was later applied to many other phenomena. Born was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on quantum mechanics, with particular emphasis on the Born rule. In 1933, Born was forced to emigrate due to the rise of the Nazi party, which caused his professorship to be suspended. He became a lecturer at Cambridge University, where he worked with Infeld on electrodynamics. From 1935–1936, he stayed in Bangalore, India at the Indian Institute of Science and worked with Sir C.V. Raman, a researcher who won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1936, Born became a professor of natural philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, staying there for 17 years until his retirement in 1953. Awards and Honors Born won a number of awards during his lifetime, including: 1939 – Fellowship of the Royal Society1945 – Gunning Victoria Jubilee Prize, from the Royal Society of Edinburgh1948 – Max Planck Medal, from the German Physical Society1950 – Hughes Medal, from the Royal Society of London1954 – Nobel Prize in Physics1959 – Grand Cross of Merit with Star of the Order of Merit, from the German Federal Republic Born was also made an honorary member of several academies, including the Russian, Indian, and Royal Irish academies. After Born’s death, the German Physical Society and the British Institute of Physics created the Max Born Prize, which is awarded annually. Death and Legacy After retiring, Born settled in Bad Pyrmont, a spa resort near Gà ¶ttingen. He died on January 5, 1970 at a hospital in Gà ¶ttingen. He was 87 years old. Born’s statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics was groundbreaking. Thanks to Born’s discovery, researchers can predict the result of a measurement performed on a quantum mechanical system. Today, the Born rule is considered one of the key principles of quantum mechanics. Sources Kemmer, N., and Schlapp, R. â€Å"Max Born, 1882-1970.†Landsman, N.P. â€Å"The Born Rule and Its Interpretation.†O’Connor, J.J., and Robertson, E.F. â€Å"Max Born.â€
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
Character Analysis Curley in Of Mice And Men Essay Example
Character Analysis Curley in Of Mice And Men Essay Example Character Analysis Curley in Of Mice And Men Essay Character Analysis Curley in Of Mice And Men Essay Essay Topic: Of Mice and Men ?In the novel Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck created Curley as the main antagonist of the novel. For the purpose of this essay I will analyse and evaluate why Curley is an important character to novel and the effect has to final outcome of the novel. Curley is special to the novel as he has already accomplished the American dream and is a figure of Authority â€Å"He wore high heeled boots†. The high heeled boots support the idea that he is a figure of authority. On our first encounter with Curley he is seen holding an â€Å"aggressive stance similar to a boxer†and we are informed that Curley is â€Å"like small guys, they all hate big guys†. This is important as Lennie one of the main protagonists is a big guy, hinting to the reader that Curley is going to play a big part in the demise of their American Dream. Despite all his power he has inherited by being the son of the boss, he has little control over others. He is constantly intimidating other characters and asking â€Å"you seen my wife†. This supports the fact that he has little control over his wife and is always consciously trying to find her to â€Å"tame†her. Curley suffers from Napoleon Complex, â€Å"he wore high heeled boots†this suggests that he is trying to make his figure appear bigger, by wearing different cosmetics. This is important to the novel as it shows us accomplishing the American dream does not always lead to happiness despite the other characters assuming so. Curley’s jealousy of Lennie resulted in a physical encounter between the two, where Lennie demolished him by â€Å"crushing his hand†leaving him to â€Å"flop like a fish†. We would be under the assumption that Curley would snitch on Lennie to the boss and get him removed from the ranch but Slim blackmails him â€Å"you gonna tell em’ that you got your hand stuck in the machine, or we gonna get you again†. This is important to novel as we see that there are characters in the novel that lack the oppo
Monday, November 4, 2019
Identify the key challenges for implementing public policy in modern Essay
Identify the key challenges for implementing public policy in modern Britain - Essay Example The general economic crisis, which has amazed many West-European countries in 80-90-ies years, has forced them to reconsider the social policy. "The social state" has appeared to be unable to cope with new problems of public management (social deviations, "new poor", growth of criminality, etc.). The concept of "the social state" was replaced by neoliberalism that demanded the redefinition of the purposes of the state and the "rational" management. The social conditions of political practices have radically changed, having caused new political forms, and new professionals of their manufacture (experts, social workers) (Ham, 1984, p87). Each form of public policy is directed on the social problem and has its "public" (a category of social counterparts). However the problem, no less than a social category, is not something certainly and unequivocally given, but the results of designing of agents of public policy. The Researches of public policy in the West aspire to separate in the independent discipline, speaking on behalf a name of a science about "the state in operation". However, declaring itself as a science about "public action", it in practice, often departs from the model of knowledge accepted in the academic world and takes the form of set of techniques or check lists, intended for the persons making the decision, i.e. solves the problems of public management. A greater part of the responsibility for that lays on Anglo-Saxon tradition as, since the fiftieth years, the researches of public policy in the USA are based on concept "government" and have almost exclusively pragmatical character(Ham, 1984, p94). Studying of public policy goes back to the standard of distinction between policy (a policy as the program of actions) and politics (a policy as a system of sights). The problem of public policy is considered here in aspect of increasing inability of the modern state to solve socia l problems of the population. The state is ostensibly
Saturday, November 2, 2019
Importance Of Understanding Cultural, Ethnic, And Gender Differences Research Paper
Importance Of Understanding Cultural, Ethnic, And Gender Differences By Managers And Professionals In A Business Setting - Research Paper Example This is because these differences highlight the basis of potential troubles that might surface at the workplace and that need to be looked upon at with a sense of comprehension. Without a shadow of a doubt, this has come to the fore for the sake of the organizations that the cultural, ethnic and gender differences arise because the employees are not being handled in a proper way. If these employees know that they are bound by the organizational contracts, terms and conditions, and are time and again told about it, there would be fewer instances of rifts and differences cropping up at the workplace realms. There is a need to set things right, and that too in the most apt manner possible. Adequate levels of analyses and suggestions should be made use of in order to get acquainted with the changing norms and conditions of the time because this is the needed within the globally changing business dynamics (Bell, 2006). What remains significant is how the top management manifests its due r ole and what steps are undertaken by the human resources management department in the wake of the cultural, ethnic and gender differences arising at the workplace settings within these organizations. Research has proven that it would be sound to state that diversity within organizations is a good omen and thus asking the employees to stay away from the cultural, ethnic and gender differences is sane and reasonable. The employees’ role is therefore exponentially enhanced within the related settings and the managers need to supervise where they are going wrong, and what could be done to correct them. The managers and professionals under such constructs should know exactly what they would like the employees to do and to commit to a... Without a shadow of a doubt, this has come to the fore for the sake of the organizations that the cultural, ethnic and gender differences arise because the employees are not being handled in a proper way. If these employees know that they are bound by the organizational contracts, terms, and conditions, and are time and again told about it, there would be fewer instances of rifts and differences cropping up at the workplace realms. There is a need to set things right, and that too in the aptest manner possible. Adequate levels of analyses and suggestions should be made use of in order to get acquainted with the changing norms and conditions of the time because this is the needed within the globally changing business dynamics. What remains significant is how the top management manifests its due role and what steps are undertaken by the human resources management department in the wake of the cultural, ethnic and gender differences arising at the workplace settings within these organiz ations. Research has proven that it would be sound to state that diversity within organizations is a good omen and thus asking the employees to stay away from differences is sane and reasonable. The employees’ role is therefore exponentially enhanced within the related settings and the managers need to supervise where they are going wrong, and what could be done to correct them. The managers and professionals under such constructs should know exactly what they would like the employees to do and to commit to a collective good.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)